LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS xix 



PAGE 



39. SKULL OF A GIKL TWO YEARS OLD, showing broad ala magna of 



sphenoid . . . . - . . . ' .i - . . 59 



40. SKULL OF AN ABORIGINAL AUSTRALIAN, showing contracted 



ala magna of the sphenoid . . ..... 59 



41. SKULL OF A NEGRO EUNUCH, showing epipteric bone . . 61 



42. SKULL OF A TURCO, with the temporal bone nearly reaching 



the frontal .......... 62 



43. SKULL OF A TWO-YEAR-OLD CHIMPANZEE, from the side . . 62 



44. HARD PALATE OF A CAUCASIAN, A NEGRO, AND AN ADULT 



ORANG-UTAN ......... 63 



45. HEAD OF A HUMAN EMBRYO OF THE FOURTH MONTH, to show 



the auditory ossicles, tympanic ring, with Meckel's cartilage, 



and the hyoid and thyroid apparatus . . . . .65 



46. SKULL OF A TAILED AMPHIBIAN (Menopoma) . . . . 66 



47. TRANSVERSE SECTION THROUGH THE EMBRYO OF A SHARK 



(Pristiurus melanost&mus), showing limb buds . . .67 



48. DIAGRAM ILLUSTRATING THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE FINS OF 



A FISH .......... 68 



49. DIAGRAMMATIC REPRESENTATION OF THREE SUCCESSIVE STAGES 



IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE PELVIC FINS OF A SHARK . 69 



50. AN ATTEMPT TO DEPICT DIAGRAMMATICALLY THE PROCESS BY 



WHICH THE LIMBS OF TERRESTRIAL VERTEBRATES WOULD 

 APPEAR TO HAVE BEEN PROBABLY DERIVED FROM THE FlNS 

 OF FISHES .......... 70 



51. PECTORAL GIRDLE OF A TAILED AMPHIBIAN, ventral aspect . 71 



52. RIGHT BLADE-BONE OF A NEW-BORN CHILD, showing ossifica- 



tion of the coracoid . . . . . . . .72 



53. PELVIS OF A FEMALE CHIMPANZEE, TWO YEARS OLD . . 75 



54. RIGHT HUMERUS OF A NEGRO, showing perforation of the 



olecranon fossa . . . . . . . . .77 



55. DISTAL EXTREMITY OF THE HUMERUS, to show epicondylar 



foramina, in Hatteria, Lacerta, the Cat, and in Man . . 78 



56. SKELETON OF THE HIND- LIMB OF A TAILED AMPHIBIAN 



(Spelerpes fuscus) ........ 79 



57. DIAGRAMS OF THE HUMAN CARPUS. A, EMBRYO ; B, ADULT . 80 



58. PROXIMAL HALF OF A LEFT HUMAN FEMUR POSSESSED OF THREE 



TROCHANTERS . ...... 82 



59. THE ANKLE-JOINT, in a Chimpanzee, an Australian native, and 



a Caucasian . . . . . . . . .84 



60. SKELETON OF THE LEFT PES OF A CHIMPANZEE, dorsal aspect 85 



61. SKELETON OF THE LEFT HAND, dorsal aspect . . . .86 



62. SKELETON OF THE LEFT FOOT, dorsal aspect . . . .87 



