THE URINOGEXITAL SYSTEM 



197 



in other differentiations of the ccelomic musculature (e.g. the 

 musculus suspensorius duodeni, musculature of the genital ducts), 

 leaves the genital duct at the point where the ligamentum testis 

 or ovarii reaches it. This coincidence of position by no 

 means always obtains ; but the fact that it may do so has led to 

 the erroneous idea that the ligaments of the genital ducts hitherto 

 known as the ligamentum rotundum and the gubernaculuni always 

 and alone connect the ovary and testis with the inguinal 

 region. The study of Ontogeny proves that in origin they are 

 distinct from the ligamentum inguinale. The latter, in the 

 female, becomes the ligamentum rotundum uteri. Besides this, 



FIG. 105. A, A PARTLY DIAGRAMMATIC REPRESENTATION OF THE EMBRYONIC URINO- 

 GENITAL APPARATUS OF A MALE MAMMAL, SHOWING ITS RELATIONS TO THE VENTRAL 

 ABDOMINAL WALL. 



B, THE PENIS AND SCROTUM OF A HUMAN EMBRYO 15 CM. LONG, WITH THE AREJE 



SCROTI (a.S.) MEETING IN THE MIDDLE LINE. 



(BOTH FIGURES FOUNDED ON THE WORK OF KLAATSCH.) 



al., intestine; re'., suprarenal body; re"., kidney ; l.s., suspensory ligament of testis; 

 ff.g., testis ; d.g., genital duct ; l.L, ligamentum inguinale ; pr., processus vagiualis ; 

 c.L, conus inguinalis ; U., urinary bladder. 



the ligamentum inguinale, as well as the conus inguinalis of 

 Klaatsch, were called gubernaculum testis by former authors ; 

 in fact, the term gubernaculum was originally applied to the most 

 heterogeneous structures. 



In the Insectivora and Eodents, the descent of the testis is 

 accompanied by an evagination of the conus due to muscular 

 contraction, so that the ligament may in this case rightly be 

 termed a "gubernaculum." This evagination gives rise to a 

 more or less marked bulging of the integument, to form the 

 " bursa inguinalis " of Klaatsch. This pouch, which represents 

 the point of least resistance in the abdominal wall, is composed 

 of (1) the evaginated abdominal integument (scrotum, sac of the 



