STUDIES OF TREES IN WINTER 



ent day, a little cavity is made in the churn to 

 receive a small portion of witch-hazel, without 

 which the dairymaids imagine that they would 

 not be able to get the butter to come." 



The former name, montana, from the Latin 

 word meaning living on mountains, was given 

 to this tree because it is found growing, not 

 only in the plains and valleys, like Ulmus 

 campestris, but also in the remote highlands 

 where it finds a foothold and flourishes on 

 the steep slopes of the mountains. 



A small tree, 20 to so feet 

 Hackberry, / 



Sugarberry, nigh, with slender, wide-spread- 



Nettle Tree ing branches. The terminal buds 



Celtis occidentalis 77- ,7 j j 



are lacking, the lateral ones are 

 flattened and pointed and somewhat hairy. The 

 twigs are dark grayish brown with white cham- 

 bered pith inside the stems. The leaf-scars are 

 semi-oval with three bundle-scars and alternate 

 in arrangement. The fruit is reddish, turning 

 dark purple ; it is round and berry-like and 

 about the size of a currant. 



The hackbgrry grows wild in Massachusetts, 

 but it is found rarely and is generally mistaken 

 for an elm. It grows commonly in lowland 

 woods in Western New York and the Middle 

 States, and it can be identified both in winter 

 and summer by the white chambered pith, 



