BEFORE THE DAYS OF THE SOCIETE D'ENCOURAGEMENT 15 



stood in 1827), under the management of the Duke de 

 Guiche, but there were private breeders scattered about 

 the country during the years between the Eestoration 

 and 1833, besides the Government studs at Le Pin, in 

 the north, and (a ' jumenterie,' for mares only) at Pom- 

 ])adour, in the south, to say nothing of Eosieres-aux- 

 Sahnes. Prominent among these breeders were t]ie 

 Duke des Cars (who is commemorated by the Prix des 

 Cars to this day), the Count de Tocqueville (who had 

 a private ' hippodrome ' of his own near Dieppe), and 

 others ; and there were the ' dealers' as well as breeders, 

 such as MM. de Royeres, Cremieux, and others. One 

 of the most remarkable of these personages was an 

 ex-archbishop, M. I'Abbe de Pradt, who had been 

 created Archbishop of Malines (Mechlin) by Napo- 

 leon I., and who is probably better known to the 

 world in general as a ' trimmer,' a time-server, and a 

 voluminous writer of stuff and nonsense than as a 

 breeder of horses. To horse-breeding, nevertheless, he 

 took in his latter days ; and he was warranted (by him- 

 self) to breed any sort of horse, of any size, any shape, 

 and any colour that anybody pleased ; but it does not 

 appear that he could be warranted by himself or by 

 anybody else to breed a horse that would ' go.' But at 

 none of the lireeding establishments (unless, perhaps, at 

 that of M. Eieussec, who had been breeding horses at 

 Buc, near Versailles, and afterwards at Viroflay, as 

 early as 1805) was there a single earnest desire to pro- 

 duce the true Anglo-Arabian thoroughbred, such as the 

 French now have in perfection. Some of the breeders 

 affected the natural ' Arab ' (term applied to any pure 

 son or daughter of ' Eastern breed '), others the ' half- 

 bred,' or ' demi-sang,' or ' cock-tail.' With the Eevolu- 

 tion of July and with the reign of the ' Citizen King ' 



