AGRICULTURE ON THE RHINE. 21 



cally laid in, together with the potatoes, sour cabbage, 

 beans, and beet-root, and the dried apple and pear cut- 

 tings, which form the staple articles of food. 



The land may therefore be imagined as divided into 

 two lots, one of which furnishes the food for household 

 use and fodder for the cattle, while the other yields the 

 market crops that are to be turned into money. In the 

 present style of farming, an estate of 200 acres in the 

 Duchy of Cleves needs ten men, and ten women or boys, 

 as farm servants. We may assume that four horses, six 

 oxen, fifteen cows, ten pigs, and one hundred sheep are 

 kept. This stock will require, on a close calculation, 

 90 acres, together with the stubble-turnips off thirty 

 acres of wheat or rye. Thirty acres of wood will give a 

 scanty supply of firing, which will need to be eked out 

 with coals. Ten acres, yielding 300 bushels of rye, or of 

 equivalents in potatoes and culinary vegetables, are de- 

 voted to grow food for the inmates. We have then 

 ^seventy acres for market crops, with (at Goch) the profit 

 on the sale of milk, fat cattle, wool, clover-seed, linseed, 

 the gain on the brewery and distillery, as the revenue of 

 the landowner ; from which, however, wages, wear and 

 tear of house, offices, and implements, together with 

 building alterations, must be deducted. 



The land producing the market crops may therefore be 

 estimated to yield as follow? : — 



Yield. Price. Amount. 



20 acres of potatoes , 5000 bushels, at Is. 6d £37.5 



