AGRICULTURE ON THE RHINE. 215 



than 10 cwts. per acre, according to the estimate of M. 

 Dieterici. In good years it is undoubtedly higher. 

 Of this quantity a large proportion is exported from 

 South Germany to Prussia and other northern states, on 

 which, although within the Zollverein, a duty is levied 

 of two shillings per cwt., to meet the higher land-tax 

 levied on tobacco-lands in Prussia. In 1842 the import- 

 ation into the northern states amounted to 97,000 cwts. 

 on which 64,774 dollars were paid as duty. 



Between Carlsruhe and Baden-Baden the traveller 

 passes one of the richest agricultural tracts of country in 

 Europe. The valley, or rather plain, that lies stretched at 

 the foot of the Black Forest chain, is well watered by the 

 streams that fall from this chain of hills, and its soil is an 

 alluvial deposit of a very fertile nature. Farms are some- 

 thing larger in this part of the Rhine than lower down 

 the river, and the marks of ease and even of wealth are 

 easily distinguished in the houses of the greater landed 

 proprietors, although their peasant-like appearance and 

 manner rather belong to a poorer class. Respecting the 

 management of the peasants' estates little remains to be 

 added to what has been said. The crops grown here are 

 the same with those of the Palatinate ; poppies for oil, 

 rape, Swedish turnips, tobacco, cabbages, and carrots, 

 divide the fallow with the potato. The nature of the 

 soil is here also minutely studied. The village system, 

 however, is in full force in the whole of Baden, and it is 

 rare for a peasant proprietor to live upon his land. On 

 the other hand, there are many large estates in this 

 neighbourhood, belonging to the members of the reigning 

 family, and to some noble families, which are excellently 

 managed by men who have been brought up in some of 



