XXIX 
ARTIFICIAL PARTHENOGENKESIS IN PLANTS 
Experiments on artificial parthenogenesis in plants are 
limited by the fact that it is necessary for this purpose to obtain 
the unfertilized eggs in large numbers and that the eggs are not 
naturally parthenogenetic. The Fucaceae seem to meet this 
requirement and J. B. Overton, of the University of Wisconsin, 
has recently succeeded in bringing about artificial partheno- 
genesis in a species of Fucus at Woods Hole. Since only a pre- 
liminary report has thus far appeared! on this subject it may be 
best to quote from it. 
Fucus vesiculosus, a dioecious species, occurs near the shores 
between tide marks at Woods Hole, and plants, both in the vegeta- 
tive and reproductive conditions, are usually abundant. The sperma- 
tozoids and oospheres are usually discharged sparingly during ebb 
tide and abundantly during flood tide. Plants were collected during 
ebb tide, the distal portions removed and placed in dishes on ice over 
night. Care was taken that the conceptacles bearing eggs and sperms 
were kept separate. When it was desired to obtain the eggs and 
sperms, dishes containing conceptacles were filled with fresh sea-water, 
or after first exposing the conceptacles to a hypotonic sea-water, when 
eggs and sperms were discharged in large numbers. The freshly ex- 
truded eggs drop to the bottom of the dishes and can be taken up with 
a pipette and transferred to watch glasses for experiment. After a 
short time the eggs show a tendency to adhere very firmly to the 
bottom of the watch glasses so that fluids can easily be poured off 
and others added without losing the eggs. 
In plants used to induce cell division by artificial means great 
care was taken to prevent contamination by sperm. The female 
plants were carefully washed with fresh water to kill any sperms which 
might adhere to them. None of the eggs obtained from such sterilized 
plants ever developed in the numerous controls, which were run in 
1J. B. Overton, ‘‘Artificial Parthenogenesis in Fucus,’ Science, XXXVII, 
841, 1913. 
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