i 
ARTIFICIAL PARTHENOGENESIS AND HEREDITY 293 
only, that a living spermatozoon carries the parthenogenetic 
substances into the egg. The character of these plutei is 
always the same; they do not show any such variations as 
Tennent reports. 
In addition to fertilizing the eggs of S. purpuratus with the 
sperm of starfish, the writer succeeded also in fertilizing the 
eggs of purpuratus with the sperm of ophiurids and holothurians. 
Godlewski used the same method with success for the fertiliza- 
tion of the egg of the sea-urchin with the sperm of a crinoid 
(Antedon). In all these cases the larvae were purely maternal.’ 
Fig. 84 Fig. 85 Fig. 86 
Figs. 84~-86.—Five-days-old plutei of S. purpuratus 2 and S. franciscanus 6. 
The plutei are different from the parthenogenetic plutei. 
Godlewski found that the nuclei of crinoid and sea-urchin 
fuse. The chromosomes of Antedon are found in the nuclei of 
the sea-urchin egg fertilized with Antedon sperm. The eggs 
developed normally to the blastula stage, when a retardation 
and other abnormalities ensued. Very few plutei were obtained. 
The results of Godlewski were fully confirmed by Baltzer? 
The skeleton was as in Godlewski’s experiments purely maternal. 
He confirms the result of Godlewski, that in spite of the par- 
ticipation of the paternal chromosomes in the development no 
transmission of hereditary characters can be observed. 
1 Godlewski, ‘‘ Untersuchungen ueber die Bastardierung der Echinoiden- 
und Crinoiden-famiiie,”’ Archiv f. Entwicklungsmechanik, XX, 579, 1906; Das 
Vererbungsproblem im Lichte der Entwicklungsmechanik betrachtet, Leipzig, 1909. 
2 Baltzer, ‘‘ Ueber die Beziehung zwischen dem Chromatin und der Entwick 
lung der Vererbungsrichtung bei Echinodermenbastarden,’’ Arch. f. Zellforschg., 
V, 497, 1910. 
