64 MOTHS AND BUTTERFLIES. 
These moths inhabit oak woods, generally in company with other 
kinds, and are most often to be found in the daytime hugging closely 
to the trunks of the trees where their gray wings marbled with dark 
brown and black render them difficult to see. When once alarmed 
they readily take to flight and are strong and rapid on the wing. 
This species may be taken by sugaring but rarely comes to a leght. 
The larva lives on oak. 
Catoeala fratercula. 
The little Catocala fratercula, which much resembles some of 
the larger kinds, is often abundant in oak woods in August, where 
it may be found in company with the larger species. Its fore wings 
are light gray, with creamy-white and brown patches and markings, 
and its lower wings are orange banded with black. One will often 
find this moth on fences and stone walls as well as_ tree-trunks. 
Half-a-dozen or more species of the same size may easily be mistaken 
for this and the beginner will encounter many difficulties in separat- 
ing the species of Catocala. ‘The larva lives on oak. 
The moth Catocala cerogama las upper wings gray and brown, 
with black markings. Thorax gray. Body brown. Lower wings 
brown near the body, the rest being black crossed by a single narrow 
band of dull orange, edged with yellowish-gray. This insect ex- 
pands a trifle over three inches. I have not found it-a common 
specie, but have specimens from Arkansas, Ohio, Massachusetts and 
Ontario, Canada. 
In Catocala parta the upper wings are gray, light brown and 
black. Thorax gray and black, body light brownish-buff. Lower 
wings orange-red with one narrow and one broad black band, the 
outer margin yellowish-gray. The insect expands three inches and a 
half in a fine specimen. This is not a rare insect, and I have taken 
it in Massachusetts, Southern Ohio and Ilinois, and have specimens 
from Ontario, Canada. 
Catocala subnata. Upper wings gray and light brown. Thorax 
light gray, body yellowish-brown. Lower wings ochreous-yellow 
