94 MOTHS AND BUTTERFLIES. 
seems to be more plentiful in the South than the North, and is, I be- 
heve, a rare insect in New England. 
We now come to the two genera Citheronia and Hacles, the royal 
moths, both represented by large species. ‘They are very stout-bodied 
moths and hairy or woolly. The antennz of the males are broadly 
pectinated for two-thirds of their length, the same organs of the 
females being simple. Their wings are strong, but they fly only by 
night. The larvee are armed with horns on the forward part of their 
bodies and are also somewhat hairy. They spin no cocoons, but pass 
the winter in the pupa state under ground. The chrysalis is spiny 
on the abdominal segments, doubtless to enable it to push itself up 
to the surface when the moth is about to break the shell. 
Citheronia regalis. Male. 
Citheronia regalis is a large and strikingly marked insect, and is 
not rare in the South and West, where the caterpillar feeds on the 
leaves of the walnut, hickory, butternut and persimmon. ‘The sexes 
frequently differ very much in size, although similarly marked. A 
good-sized male will measure four inches across its expanded wings, 
and a female six or more. I have a grand female specimen of this 
insect from Gainesville, Va., which is nearly seven inches across. 
