24 MORPHOLOGY. 



employed in staining lead to a shedding and degeneration 

 of the flagella, so that their faultless presentation is often 

 a difficult task. (See Technical Appendix. ) 



The following figures give a schematic view of the three 

 types of equipment of bacteria with flagella. Many pic- 

 tures of individual varieties are found in the atlas. 



In cultures of bacteria with abundant flagella, there at times occurs, 

 as first pointed out by Loffler, a peculiar tuft-like formation of shed 

 or broken-off flagella, intertwined with each other. 



The ability to form flagella may be completely lost for 

 generations — whether 'permanently we do not know. Com- 

 pare Micr. agilis, Sarcina mobilis (Lehmann and Neu- 



<*\* 



/W 4 



Fig. 7. — Types of flagella : a, Vibrio cholerse, one flagellum at 

 the end — Monotrichia type ; b, Bact. syncyaneum, tuft of flagella at 

 the end, rarely at the side — Lophotrichia type ; c, Bact. vulgare, 

 flagella arranged all about— Peritrichia type. 



mann). There have occurred non-motile forms, which 

 were found for months by various authors to be without 

 motion, which later acquired flagella and became actively 

 motile (Lehmann and Zierler). Compare Bac. implexus. 

 Deceptions may thus occur in that many varieties, in 

 spite of being provided with flagella, are only slightly or 

 not at all motile. Also, on the other hand, in many vari- 

 eties the staining of flagella is so difficult that without 

 anything more certain, a variety cannot be designated as 

 devoid of flagella because it does not move. 



The ordinary vegetative multiplication of bacteria 

 occurs through transverse fission in the middle of slightly 

 (cocci) or considerably elongated bacterial cells. As a 



