126 CLASSIFICATION OF FISSION-FUNGI. 



short chains of a few links, very often in pairs; usually 

 actively motile because of flagella located at the ends. 

 Endospores known in only two varieties. 



1. Cells short, slightly bent, rigid, comma-like, some- 

 times attached in a screw-like manner, always one (excep- 

 tionally two) flagellum at the end. According to Huppe, 

 they possess arthrospores. Vibrio 1 O. F. Mtiller, emend. 

 Loffler. 



2. Cells long, spirally bent, like a corkscrew, rigid, usu- 

 ally with a polar bunch of flagella formed of many long 

 principal and several short accessory ones. In the Spir. 

 sputigenum Miller the bunch of flagella is not at the end, 

 but on the side. Spirillum 2 Ehrenb., emend. Loffler. 



3. Cells consist of flexible, long, spiral, coiling threads. 

 Flagella unknown. Locomotion by means of an undulat- 

 ing membrane is suspected. Spirochete Ehrenb. 



In a strict sense the causes of glanders, diphtheria, 

 leprosy, and actinomycosis do not belong among the 

 fission-fungi. It is generally acknowledged to-day that 

 they must either be designated as fission-fungi, which form 

 a connecting-link to the higher fungi (hyphomycetes), or 



1 Migula, with Schroter, called the group which is now almost uni- 

 versally designated as vibrio, microspira — a designation that is unnec- 

 essary if we accept the definition of vibrio suggested by Loffler. 

 Moreover, Schroter's definition of spirillum and microspira does not 

 suit the known properties of the varieties therein included. For the 

 few non-motile (without flagella) rigid vibriones Migula has intro- 

 duced the name Spirosoma Migula. 



2 Here belong such forms as the Spirillum endoparagogicum 

 Sor. , described by Sorokin and which he once found in a hollow tree in 

 Kasan. This remarkable typically spiral -shaped organism formed 

 typical endospores, which germinate while still within the spirillum, 

 and so offer characteristic pictures (C. B. I, 466). The organism ap- 

 pears to connect the spirillacese and the bacilli. According to Praz- 

 mowski, the Vibrio rugula possesses a spore causing swelling of the 

 end where it is located. Spore-formation has not been described in 

 other vibriones. We know nothing regarding the flagella of this 

 vibrio rugula, which resembles the Bac. cedematis maligni. Moreover, 

 Zettnow expressly contradicts the idea that the vibrio rugula forms 

 spores. 



