212 IMPORTANT VARIETIES OF FISSION-FUNGI. 



parrot cholera (Nocard), Fiorentini's septicemia of swans (C. B. XIX, 

 932), and a series of diseases in animals, which have usually been ob- 

 served but once. 



Bacterium haemorrhagicum (Kolb), Lehm. and Neum. 



(Plate 20, vn, Vin.) 



Literature by Babes (C. B. ix, 719); Kolb (A. G. vn, 60); Afanasieff 

 (C. B. xni, 402); Finkelstein (C. B. xvm, 64). 



Very closely related to, indeed, only biologically differ- 

 ent from, the Bact. septic, haemorrhag. is an organism 

 closely studied by Babes, Tizzoni, and Giovannini, but 

 especially by Kolb (illustration, literature), which causes 

 purpura — Morbus maculosus Werlhofii — in man and ex- 

 perimental animals, which usually terminates fatally. 

 There occur hemorrhages into the skin, serous mem- 

 branes, lungs, kidneys, etc., and albuminuria. 



Microscopic Appearance. — Short, oval bacteria, 0.8- 

 1.5 /j. long, 0.4-0.8 ft thick, usually in pairs (20, vn) with 

 a small capsule in the animal body ; in cultures, short 

 rods and threads. Non-motile. By Gram's method they 

 stain poorly or not at all. Facultative anaerobe. 



Gelatin Culture. — Grow rather slowly; delicate, thin, 

 whitish, spreading but little, never liquefying. Agar cul- 

 ture : Uncharacteristic, white to whitish-yellow, spread- 

 ing somewhat flatly. Upon potato, whitish, moistly glis- 

 tening, not spreading much, not tenacious. Regarding 

 the relation to sugar solution nothing is stated ; since in 

 anaerobic cultures, which bear the addition of sugar well, 

 nothing is said by Kolb of gas-formation, it does not 

 appear to cause fermentation. The varieties isolated by 

 the three above-mentioned authors were different in their 

 pathogenic effects upon experimental animals. Kolb ob- 

 tained the greatest effects upon mice, less in guinea-pigs 

 and dogs ; the organism of Tizzoni and Giovannini, on the 

 contrary, was not pathogenic for mice, but very pathogenic 

 for dogs and guinea-pigs. The animals often present 

 marked hemorrhages, with the same localization as in 

 man. 



