BACTERIUM PNEUMONIA. 227 



Lowenberg (A. P., 1894, 292). Compare the observa- 

 tions of Denys and Martin, page 229. 



Potato Culture. — Thick, moist, highly shining growth, 

 with smooth but scalloped border, bright yellow to grayish- 

 brown. It is gradually separated into padded, connected 

 sections, especially at the border. 



Chemical Activities. — From grape- and milk-sugar the 

 bacterium produces abundant acid, together with C0 2 and 

 H 2 (40% C0 2 , 58% H 2 , Th. Smith). P. Frankland demon- 

 strated as fermentation products: ethyl alcohol, acetic acid, 

 a little formic and succinic acids. It is surprising that 

 lactic acid is not mentioned. Indol and H 2 S are scanty. 



Distribution. — (a) Outside the body : Cultivated by Em- 

 merich from the foul floor of a prison. 



(6) In healthy organism : Sometimes in saliva. 



(c) In diseased human organism : As the cause of a few 

 cases of pneumonia and bronchitis, then occasionally, but 

 not very often, as the cause of inflammatory and suppura- 

 tive processes in almost all the organs of the body; rarely 

 as the cause of pyemia and septicemia. Often also found 

 in the blood. Rarely it causes cystitis (Montt-Saavedro, 

 C. B. xx, 171). 



(d) In animals: The cause of pneumonia in horses, dis- 

 covered by Schiitz, is morphologically almost identical 

 (Arch. Tierheil., xiii). Nail-head cultures usually are 

 lacking and the growth upon gelatin is flatter. The organ- 

 isms are abundant in the lungs and pleurae, i. e. , especially 

 in the necrotic parts, but sparingly in the blood. Fiedeler 

 substantiated the findings in all points (C. B. x, 310). 



Immunity and Serum Diagnosis. — Active immuniza- 

 tion is possible ; the serum causes agglutination, although 

 the B. P. is non-motile. Landsteiner (Wien. klin. Wochen- 

 schr., 1897, 439). 



Results of Experiments upon Animals. — Mice be- 

 come sick after subcutaneous, more certainly after intrapul- 

 monary injection, also after inhalation, and soon die, with 

 the appearances of septicemia. Also guinea-pigs and dogs 

 are susceptible, but rabbits are not. 



Of the numerous closely related varieties 1 we must 



a Also the species in the following list (capsule bacilli of authors) 

 must be considered as forms which are identical with or closely related 



