BACTERIUM CHOLERJE SUUM. 255 



media) decomposes grape- and milk-sugar, with intense production 

 of acid, but without gas. 



Bacillus diphtheria? columbarum Loffler. — A culture obtained 

 from Krai, which we studied carefully, corresponded exactly, morpho- 

 logically and biologically, with Bact. cholerae suum : bouillon very 

 cloud}-, suggestion of pellicle, milk unaltered, potato at first yellowish 

 then yellowish-gray, finally brown, almost the same as glanders. 



Bacterium levans Wolffin (A. H. xxi, 268).— Cause of fer- 

 mentation in leaven. Many long flagella, milk not coagulated, indol 

 formation overlooked by Wolffin, still it is present after prolonged 

 standing. It also brings about the most varying true coli fermenta- 

 tion of dough (acetic acid, lactic acid ; 75% C0 2 , 25% H 2 ) in steril- 

 ized flour. More recently we have regularly isolated from sour 

 dough and fermenting bread-dough absolutely typical Bact. coli 

 which at least possess toxic action. Dissertation of Felix Frankel, 

 Wflrzburg, 1896. 



Bacterium morbificans bovis Basenau (A. H. xx, 241). *— Not 

 distinguishable morphologically and biologically from Bact. cholerae 

 suum. It ferments grape-sugar feebly, never coagulates milk, and 

 thus appears not to affect milk-sugar. 



Cultivated many times from cattle suffering from a septic disease 

 in which the spleen is enlarged and there are necrotic, whitish-yellow 

 areas in the spleen and liver. The organism is found in the blood, 

 internal organs, and muscles of the diseased animal. Mice, white 

 rats, and guinea-pigs are killed by feeding. Rabbits and the other 

 animals die after infection of the subcutaneous tissue, the peritoneum, 

 or the interior of the puerperal uterus. The organisms escape in the 

 milk. Compare the Bacterium of Nouvelle septicemic des veaux of 

 Thomassen (C. B. xxiv, 800). 



Compare, further, Bact enteritidis Gartner, page 251, which, as 

 it coagulates milk, is related to the Bact. coli. To one of these two 

 forms appears to belong Gaffky's organism, which, if taken in fresh 

 milk by man, causes severe disease (C. B. xn, 389). 



The Swedish Gaustadt bacillus of Hoist is closely related. Eighty- 

 one persons in the institution for the insane at Gaustadt became sick 

 in 1891, of which four died (C. B. xvu, 717). The disease depended 

 upon the eating of meat. Often there was an initial chill, many 

 times severe backache, sometimes herpes and erythema. The principal 

 symptoms were : fever, vomiting, diarrhea. The organism does not 

 change the reaction of milk. It is motile, having 6 flagella. 



Varieties of which nothing is written regarding motility, so 

 far as we know, but which still appear to belong to the 

 Bact. coli (or Bact. lactis aerogenes) : 



Bacillus aerogenes vesicae Schow (C. B. xii, 745). 



Bacillus of a pigeon plague of Sanfelice (Z. H. XX, 23). Causes 

 sero-purulent peritonitis. Perhaps belongs to Bact. septic, haemor- 

 rhagicae. 



1 See there, also, Basenau's investigations, undertaken to establish 

 the difference between his organism and other similar ones. 



