BACTERIUM VULGARE. 295 



elongated, sausage-shaped zooglese are lacking in his Pro- 

 teus Zenkeri. In Kuhn a confusion of our organism with 

 the Prot. Zenkeri is met with ; in his work it is every- 

 where called Bact. Zopfii instead of Proteus Zenkeri (A. H. 

 xiii, 40). 



Ba 



cterium vulgare. (Hauser.) Lehm. and Neum. 



(Plates 31 and 32.) 



Synonyms. — Proteus vulgaris Hauser, Bacillus vulgaris 

 Mace, Migula. Proteus Hauseri Autor. , Bacillus albus cada- 

 veris Strecker and Strassmann (C. B. iv, 67), Urobacillus 

 liquefaciens septicus Krogius, Bac. foetidus ozsenx Hajek, 

 Bacillus Proteus vulgaris Kruse. 



Ordinary Name. — Proteus. 



Literature. — Hauser, " Ueber Faulnisbakterien," Leipzig, 1885. 

 Meyerhof (C. B. xxiv, 18), extensive review of literature (152 num- 

 bers). 



Microscopic Appearance. — Slender, thin rods, aver- 

 aging 1.6-4 fJL in length, and 0.4-0.5 /i in thickness. It is 

 often found as long threads, but it also occurs in isodia- 

 metric forms and as spiral winding threads. The mul- 

 tiplicity of the microscopic growth-forms has led to naming 

 the organism as Proteus. Upon acid nutrient media, very 

 short rods are especially produced (31 Y vm and ix). 



Motility. — Very active, due to very abundant, long, 

 peritrichous flagella. At present our cultures exhibit 

 active motion only when examined while very young, in 

 spite of a good development of flagella (31, ix). 



Staining Properties. — Stains well by Gram's method. 

 When treated by Gram's method, it was found by Meyer- 

 hof to be easily decolorized (C. B. xxiv, 27), and by Sil- 

 berschmidt to be unstained. We have demonstrated 

 anew with many cultures that it stains well. 



Requirements as Regards Oxygen and Nutrient 

 Media. — It grows equally well aerobically and anaerob- 

 ically, also in C0 2 . The most variable nutrient media 

 (also non- albuminous) are suited to it. It grows very 

 rapidly. Hauser found that, in the absence of oxygen 

 and in carbonic acid, growth was poor, also upon non- 



