306 I3IPOBTANT VARIETIES OF FISSION- FUNGI. 



1. In a deep cutaneous pocket in animals no local symptoms are 

 produced, but only or preponderantly nervous symptoms. l 



(a) Produces tetanus. Bac. tetani Nicolaier (p. 332). 



(/?) Causes symptoms of botulism: disturbances of the innerva- 

 tion of the pupils and accommodation, aphonia, paresis in the 

 region of the tongue and pharynx, disturbances of the salivary 

 and mucous secretions, etc. Bac. botulinus v. Ermengem (p. 

 337). 



2. When introduced into a deep cutaneous pocket in animals, it 

 causes local bloody, often emphysematous edema. The organism 

 spreads in the body, especially in the edema. Guinea-pigs are espe- 

 cially susceptible. a 



(a) Motile, 

 (a) In the edema growing into long, jointed threads, usually not 

 present in the bile. Very pathogenic for rabbits. Brain 

 nutrient media darkened. Not stained by Gram's method. 

 Bac. cedematis maligni (Koch) Fliigge (p. 341). 

 (fi) No long threads in edema; usually only pairs. Usually 

 slightly pathogenic for rabbits and mice. Always found in the 

 bile. Brain nutrient media not darkened. Usually stained by 

 Gram's method. Bac. Chauvcei of French authors (p. 339). 

 (6) Not motile. Disease picture similar to symptomatic anthrax, 

 but there is a tendency to grow into long threads. Bac. phlegmonis 

 emphysematosae E. Frankel (p. 344). 



3. Only known as injurious to bees. Bac. alvei Chesire and 

 Cheyne (p. 345). 



(B) Zymogenic Varieties. — 



A large group which has not yet been sufficiently cleared up. Com- 

 pare page 345, etc.; also especially page 348. Here belong many 

 forms producing butyric acid. 



Introductory Remarks to the Special Description of 

 the Aerobic Varieties Here Given. 



(Common Characteristics.) 



All of the varieties described in what follows, — Bac. 

 anthraeis, mycoides, subtilis, megatherium, butyricus, 

 vulgatus, mesentericus, aterrimus, liodermos, — which are 

 very closely related to each other, have the following 

 biologic properties in common, which may be given here 

 for all of them: 



1 Non-pathogenic cultures cannot always be diagnosed with cer- 

 tainty from the morphologic and biologic properties. 



2 Compare also the Bac. sporogenes (Klein) L. and N. (p. 346), 

 which occupies a place midway between malignant edema and symp- 

 tomatic anthrax; also the pseudoedema bacilli (p. 343). 



