368 IMPORTANT VARIETIES OF FISSION-FUNGI. 



persons, of some cases of diarrhea, and of men suspected of having 

 cholera. Since its discovery by Finkler, in 1884, in the evacuations 

 of persons said to be suffering from cholera nostras which had been 

 kept a long time, this organism has been found but very rarely. 



Pathogenic Significance in Man. — It is not the cause of the so-called 

 cholera nostras; at any rate, in the great majority of the cases. Since 

 its discovery, although much sought for, it has scarcely once been found 

 in cholera nostras. 



In experimental animals it produces in general the same, nominally 

 somewhat milder, disease symptoms as the cholera vibrio. 



B. Fischer found, in a case of suspected cholera, the Vibrio helco- 

 genes Fischer, which was pathogenic for animals and resembles the 

 Vibrio Proteus (C. B. xiv, 73). 



According to Chantemesse, the Vibrio lissabonensis is identical 

 with or very closely related to the Vibrio Proteus. It was discovered 

 by Pestana and Bettencourt (C. B. xvi, 401, photographs) in the 

 spring of 1894 in numerous cases of an epidemic, widely distributed, 

 mild, choleriform disease in Lisbon, and was also found in the city 

 water aqueducts. It is a slightly bent vibrio with polar flagella, giving 

 no nitroso-indol reaction, and without pellicle formation upon bouil- 

 lon. It produces liquefaction of gelatin in the upper part of the stab 

 culture in the form of a broad, flat funnel. In the gelatin plates there 

 appear upon the surface colonies, which at first are round, smooth, and 

 only slightly granular; later they have a gray center surrounded by a 

 scarcely transparent, granular zone, which is limited externally by a 

 thick circle of fine radiating threads of considerable length. Because 

 of progressing liquefaction the characteristic appearance is lost by the 

 third day. Upon ordinary potato it grows very poorly, but upon 

 alkalinized potato very well as a shining gray growth. The organism 

 is slightly pathogenic for animals. It does not immunize against 

 cholera. 



Vibrio tyrogenes. (Deneke.) Lehm. and Neum. 



Synonyms. — Deneke' s cheese spirillum; Spirillum 

 tyrogenum Deneke (Deut. med. Wochen., 1885, 33). 



Isolated by Deneke from an old cheese, but since then it has been 

 very rarely found. As regards intensity of liquefaction, it stands 

 midway between the Vibrio cholerse and Vibrio Proteus, and also in 

 other respects its peculiarities are usually so intermediate between 

 these two varieties that we have not illustrated them. The peculiari- 

 ties mentioned by Giinther (Bakteriologie, IV. Aufl., p. 361) — a 

 thick mold-like scum upon the gelatin stab culture and a marked 

 yellow color of the same — were not observed in our cultures. Our cul- 

 ture gives the nitroso-indol reaction like the Vibrio cholerse. Accord- 

 ing to Kuprianow, it forms dextrorotatory, and the Vibrio cholerse 

 levorotatory, lactic acid. Our old laboratory culture grows well at 

 37°. 



