386 ACTINOMYCETES. 



a counterpart to the rusty-colored streptococci mentioned 

 on page 137. 



Bouillon Culture. — Almost clear, moderate homo- 

 geneous sediment, which rises up uniformly upon shaking. 



Milk. — Slowly coagulated. 



Potato. — At first there is a light yellow or brownish 

 growth, with a moist luster, scarcely at all or slightly ele- 

 vated, lighter at the edge, not sharply outlined (57, x). 

 After a longer time : brownish-yellow or brownish-red, 

 smooth, wayy border, sharp outline, the periphery still 

 being paler. The potato becomes discolored (57, ix). 

 The culture has much similarity to that of the Vibrio 

 choleras. Cultures upon carrots present a white growth 

 and were employed by Marx (being protected from dry- 

 ing) for his studies upon branching. 



Resistance to Drying. — Slight. At 25° dead in ten 

 days (Bonome). According to Bonome, it withstands 70° 

 for six hours without injury ( ! ) ; 70°-75° kills in five or 

 six minutes ; 90°-100°, in three minutes. 



Chemical Activities. — Except for the formation of pig- 

 ment upon the potato and a trace of indol in bouillon, 

 nothing is known beyond the formation of mallein (bac- 

 terioprotein). Forms no H 2 S. No gas is formed from 

 carbohydrates. 



Distribution. — 



(a) Outside the body : Never has been found. 



(b) In healthy body : Never has been found. 



(c) In diseased human organism: Man is fairly suscep- 

 tible to glanders, almost always the transfer occurring from 

 horses. About 50% of the cases die. The bacteria are 

 found in the secretion from the ulcers of glanders and in the 

 glanders nodules. The principal places of infection are the 

 skin and mucous membranes. The glanders bacilli also 

 enter the uninjured skin through the hair follicles and 

 spread in the lymph-spaces. Chronic glanders also occurs 

 in man, although very rarely. 



(d) In anwials : Of our domestic animals the following 

 are attacked : Horse, ass, cat (and the wild canines of the 

 zoological garden); according to infection experiments, 

 also dogs (especially in the young), goats, sheep, rarely 

 swine are susceptible. Cattle and birds are immune. Ac- 



