418 ACTINOMYCETES. 



course of the disease in guinea-pigs. Also the absorption 

 of tuberculin in animals already infected is slower, and 

 therefore it acts more unsatisfactorily. It must not be dis- 

 guised, however, that Baumgarten and others arrived at 

 absolutely negative results with the new tuberculin in 

 guinea-pigs, as previously was the case with the old tuber- 

 culin (C. B. xxin, 587); small doses were worthless, and 

 the larger the doses, the greater the disappointment. Re- 

 garding the value of the new preparation in man, there is 

 no unanimity. Spengler (C. B. xxin, 523) gives a favor- 

 able judgment, but unfavorable or skeptical opinions are 

 in the majority. See, for example, Stempel (Munch, med. 

 Wochenschr., 1897, No. 48) and Bukovsky (C. B. xxm, 

 518). A review of collected literature is furnished by 

 Bussenius (C. B. xxn, 621). Maragliano claimed to ob- 

 tain good results with a tuberculosis serum, but his results 

 have been but little verified from other sources (at least 

 such is the experience of Hager, Munch, med. Wochen- 

 schr., 1897, 853). Also Behring recently hoped to succeed 

 in reestablishing an antitoxic tuberculosis serum (Congress 

 of Hygiene, Madrid, 1898). Tuberculin now plays a 

 large part, entirely aside from its therapeutic use, as a 

 diagnostic aid in tuberculosis. For details, see page 437. 

 For the differential diagnosis of the T. B. , see page 436. 



Mycobacterium tuberculosis ft avium. (Maffucci.) 

 Lehm. and Neum. 



Synonym. — Bacillus tuberculosis avium Maffucci. 

 Common Name. — Bacillus of fowl tuberculosis. 



Most Important Literature. — Maffucci (Z. H. XI, 445); Straus and 

 Gamaleia (C. B. x, 300); Courmont (C. B. xrv, 602); Kruse (C. B. 

 XV, 50 1); Pfander (histologic, C. B. xn, 264); Fischel (Untersuch- 

 ungen iiber die Morph. und Biol. des. T.-Erregers, Wien, 1893). 



From the standpoint of our present knowledge this in- 

 teresting organism, first separated from the T. B. by Maf- 

 fucci, must be looked upon as only a form of the latter 

 which has become acclimated to the bird's body (its high 

 temperature), but which is occasionally also pathogenic for 

 other creatures. 



