440 ACTWOMYCETES. 



air hyphae. Pathogenic for rabbits. Typical clubs formed in the 

 animal. Actinomyces asteroides. Gasp. Page 449. 



4. Agar growth whitish-red. Conidia are formed. Beautiful clubs 

 in the animal. Actinomyces madurae. Lachner. Page 452. 



(B) Non-pathogenic varieties: 



1. Growth colorless, nutrient medium brown. Actinomyces 

 chromogenes. Gasp. Page 452. 



2. Growth colorless, nutrient medium colorless. Act. chromogenes. 

 Gasp. (3 alba L. and N. Page 455. 



3. Growth colorless, nutrient medium colored violet. Act. viola- 

 ceus. Gasp. Page 456. 



4. For varieties with other colors, see Gasperini's Act. carneus, 

 albido-flavus, citreus,etc., pages 451-456. 



Actinomyces bo vis. Harz. 



(Plate 65.) 



Synonyms. — Actinomyces bovis Harz, Act. bovis sul- 

 phureus Gasp. , Nocardia Actinomyces de Toni e Trevisan, 

 Streptothrix Actinomyces Rossi Doria, Oospora bovis 

 Sauv. et Radais. 



Common Names. — Ray fungi, Actinomyces. 



Literature. — Israel (Virchow's Archiv, Bd. 74, 15; and 78, 421); 

 Bostrom (Ziegler's Beitrage, Bd. IX, 1). " Actinomykosis " in Eulen- 

 burg's Realencyclopsedie, Bd. I, 1894, by Birch-Hirschfeld. Grill 

 (C. B. xvin, 181). 



Microscopic Appearance. — In the body of men and 

 animals the organism forms sand-like masses, 0.2 to 0.6 

 or even as large as 1.2 mm. in diameter, of a gray, yellow, 

 red, sometimes also green color, and when young, of a 

 soft, and when older of a tougher consistency. The 

 masses are made up of a ball of threads, the threads 

 being radially arranged at the periphery and provided 

 with characteristic, club-like formations, which are to be 

 considered as derived from the gelatinous membranes of 

 the threads (Bostrom). The threads terminate in the 

 clubs, either free or with slight bud-like enlargements 

 (Fig. 20, a, b). The threads show true branching, are 

 thin (0.4-0.6ai), partly without division, partly apparently 

 composed of longer and shorter fragments. The sur- 

 rounding ''membrane" is very delicate. In the interior 

 of the colonies, there are usually found between the 

 threads, cocci-like formations, which originate from fre- 



