35 



S. auricidatus may also be known by the pair of small coronal spines 

 near the median line of the skull. 



S. constellatus and S. rosaceus have four or five light pink spots upon 

 their dorsal outline, and the former is covered on back and flanks 

 with small white spots. *S'. cfilorostidus is similar to tliese in many 

 respects, but may be knuwn by the green spots scattered over its 

 upper portions and dorsal fin, as well as by the greater height of the 

 spinous part of the latter. 



*S'. rJiodochloris resembles rosaceus. S. minatus is of a deep red tint, 

 darker even than ruber, and is without the broad, flat preopercular 

 spines which characterize that species. From S. pinniger it may be 

 known by the rough scales which cover the entire head, even to the 

 tip of the jaws. 



S. pimtiger, the rosaceus of Ayres, is usually more or less orange, 

 with maroon blotches, and the flns, except the dorsal, are bright red. 

 The scales on the head are not rough. Occasionally this species 

 exhibits large blotches of black. 



We started with species in which the spines were well developed, 

 and have now reached those in which they are either present, but 

 slightly developed, or are reduced in number. Moreover, in the 

 remaining species the lower jaw protrudes beyond the upper, the 

 protrusion increasing as we proceed. 



IS. elongatus has its greatest depth contained some four and a halt 

 times in its total length, and the gill-rakers long, equal to more than 

 half the diameter of the eye, which is very large. The interorbital 

 space is slightly concave. 



S. proriger is nearly as elongate as the last species, but the outline 

 of the back is more rounded; the gill-rakers are longer, the eye 

 smaller, and the forehead or interorbital space -is slightly convex. 

 In both species the body is irregularly banded with lighter and 

 darker longitudinal bands, and the lateral line lies on a decided 

 light streak. 



S. ovalis may be readily distinguished from the two preceding by 

 its much more ovate form, as well as by the almost uniform height 

 of the dorsal, and its still more protruding lower jaw. 



In S. entoinelas the second anal spine is about equal in length to 

 the third, the spines upon the head are very small, and hidden by 

 the scales, and the peritoneum, or lining of the abdomen, is black, 

 whence the specific name. 



*S*. 7nystinus=iS. r)ielano2')s — Ay: is the most abundant species in the 

 markets, and is generally distinguished by dealers as the Black Rock 

 Cod. Its black color at once distinguishes it from all other species, 

 the nearest to it in this respect being IS. ciliatus, which, however, is 

 spotted with black upon a gray ground. In *S'. mystinus, the top of 

 the head is spineless, but there is a small tubercle in the place of the 

 preorbital spine, which tubercle is absent in S. ciliatus, which is 

 identical with S. melanops, Gir., and with S. simulans, Gill. 



S. flavidus is greenish yellow, and might be called the Yellow Rock 

 Cod, were it not for the brighter yellow of some portions of maliger 

 and ruhrivinctus. The projection of the lower jaw reaches its max- 

 imum in this species, its tip entering into the dorsal outline, and the 

 gill-rakers are ver}^ long and slender, equal in length to three fourths 

 of the diameter of the eye. In the three last species, the third anal 

 spine is longest, and the anal rays eight in number. Small nasal 

 spines are present. 



