CONTENTS vii 



PAGE 



{Coluber) Black- Marked Snake Wood-Snakes (Herpetodryas) Tree-Snakes (Dend- 

 rophis and Dendrelaphis) Egg-Eating Snake (Dasypeltis) Moon-Snakes (Scytale) Cat- 

 Snake (Tarbophis) Nocturnal Tree -Snakes (Dipsas) Back-Fanged Tree -Snakes 

 (Philodryas and Dryophis) Sharp -Nosed Snakes (Oxybelis) Oriental Fresh- Water 

 Snakes (Homalopsince) Coral-Snake (Elaps} Kesplendent Adders (Callophis) Long- 

 Glanded Snakes (Adeniophis) Craits (Bunrjarus) Cobras (Naia) Their Habits 

 Death - Adders (Pseudechis) Sea - Snakes (Hydrophiince) Broad-Tailed Sea - Snakes 

 (Platurus) Parti-Coloured Sea-Snake (Hydrus) Black- Banded Sea-Snake (Distira) 

 The Vipers ( Viperidce) True Vipers ( Viperince) Common Viper ( Vipera) Southern 

 Viper Long-Nosed Viper Kussell's Viper Puff- Adder Horned Vipers (Cerastes) 

 Desert Saw- Vipers (Echis) Kattle-Snakes (Crotalince) Common Rattle-Snake (Cro- 

 talus) Diamond Rattle-Snake South American Rattle-Snakes Habits of Rattle- 

 Snakes The Bushmaster (Lachesis) Halys Vipers (Ancistrodon) Himalayan Halys 

 Siberian Halys Copper-Head Snake Water- Viper Typical Pit- Vipers (Trimere- 

 saurus) Jararaca Extinct Groups of Scaled Reptiles Long-Necked Lizards 

 (Dolichosauria) Cretaceous Sea-Serpents (Pythonomorpha), , . . .174 



CHAPTER VI. THE REMAINING GROUPS OF REPTILES, Orders Ichthyopterygia, 

 Rhynchocephalia, and Anomodontia. 



The Fish- Lizards (Order Ichthyopterygia) The Beaked Lizards (Order Rhynchocephalia) The 

 Tuatera (Sphenodon) Allied Extinct Families (Homceosauridce and Rhynchosauridce) 

 Oldest Types (Proterosaurus, etc.) The Anomodonts, or Mammal- Like Reptiles (Order 

 Anomodontia) Dicynodonts and Theriodonts, ...... 250 



AMPHIBIANS 



CHAPTER I. GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OP THE CLASS AMPHIBIA FROGS AND TOADS 



Order Ecaudata. 



DISTINCTION BETWEEN AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES Skin of Amphibians Skeleton Soft 

 Parts Development Distribution Habits Characteristics of Frogs and Toads The 

 Typical Frogs (Ranidce) Water-Frogs (Rana) European Frogs Bull-Frogs Oxy- 

 glossus Flying Frogs (Rhacophorus) Solid- Chested Tree-Frogs (Dendrobatidce) 

 The Narrow-Mouthed Frogs (Engystomatidce) Sharp-Nosed Frog (Ceratobatrachidce) 

 The Southern Frogs (Leptodactylidce) Horned Frogs (Ceratophrys) Leaf -Frogs (Hylodes) 

 -Piping-Frogs (Leptodactylus^The Toads (Bufonida) True Toads (Bufo) Green 

 Toad Natterjack Toad Sharp-Nosed Toad (Rhinophrynus) The Overlapping- 

 Chested Tree-Frogs (Hylidce) Grasshopper-Frog (Acris) Typical Tree-Frogs (Hyla) 

 Their Nesting - Habits Pouched Tree-Frogs (Nototrema) Pouched Tree-Frogs 

 (Pelobatidce) Brown Toad-Frog (Pelobates) Other Genera (Pelodytes, etc.) Allied 

 Extinct Frogs (Palceobatrachidce) The Disc-Tongued Frogs (Discoglossidce) Fire- 

 Bellied Frog (Bombinator) Midwife-Frogs (Alytes) Other Families (Amphignat hodon- 

 tidce and Hemiphractid^The, Tongueless Frogs (Xenoyfididce and Pipidce) Spur-Toed 

 Frogs (Xenop us) Surinam Water-Toad (Pipa\ . . . . . .257 



CHAPTER II. NEWTS, SALAMANDERS, AND COZCILIANS, Orders Caudata and Apoda. 



Distinctive Characters of the Caudata Their Distribution and Habits The Salamander 

 Tribe (Salamandridce) Typical Salamanders (Salamandra) Alpine Salamander 

 Spanish Salamander (Chioglossa) Newts (Molge) Crested Newt Marbled Newt- 

 Alpine Newt Common Newt Webbed Newt Other Species Habits of Newts 

 Spectacled Salamander (Salamandrina) Other Genera (Tylotriton and Pachytriton) 

 Axolotls (Amblystoma) Other Genera The Fish-Like Salamanders (Amphiumidce) 

 Giant Salamander (Megalobatrachus) Hell-Bender (Cryptobranchus') Three-Toed 



