CONTENTS 



NVERTEBRATE ANIMALS 



CHAPTER I. THE JOIXTED ANIMALS, Subkingdom Arthropoda ; THE INSECTS, Class 



Insecta ; ANTS, BEES, WASPS, etc., Order Hymenoptera. 



: 



DISTINCTION BETWEEN VERTEBRATES AND INVERTEBRATES Special Characters of Arthropods 

 Distinctive Characteristics of Insects Geological Age of Insects Other Features 

 Mimicry Characteristics of Hymenoptera Development Classification The Saw- 

 Fly Group (Suborder Sessiliventres) Stem Saw- Flies (Cephidce) Tailed Wasps 

 (Siricidce) True Saw-Flies (Tenthredinidce) Typical Group (Suborder Petiolatd) 

 Gall-Wasps (Gynipidce) Prodotrypidce Chalcididce Ichneumon- Wasps(Ichneumonidce) 

 Braconidce Other Families The Ants (Formicidce) Mutillidce, etc. Bembicidce 

 Pompilidce Sphegidce Crabronidce Philanthidce Wasps and Bees Solitary Wasps 

 and Mud-Wasps (Masaridce and Eumenidce) Social Wasps (Vespidce) Solitary Bees 

 (Andrenidce) True Bees (Apidce), ..... 



CHAPTER. II. JOINTED ANIMALS, continued ; INSECTS, continued. 

 THE FLIES AND FLEAS, Order Diptera. 



Characteristics of the Order Straight- Seamed Flies (Suborder Orthorrhapha) Mosquitoes 

 and Gnats (Culicidce) Daddy-Long- Legs (Tipulidce) Midges (Chironomidce) Fungus- 

 Midges (Mycetophilidce) Gall-Midges (Cecidomyidce) Sand-Flies, etc. (Simuliidce and 

 Bibionidce) Horse-Flies, or Breeze-Flies (Tabanidce) Robber-Flies, etc. (Asilidce and 

 Empidce) Bee-Flies (Bombyliidce) Circular-Seamed Flies (Suborder Cyclorrhapha) 

 Hover-Flies (SyrphidcB)Conopidce Typical Flies (Muscidce) Gad-Flies and Bot-Flies 

 (CEstridce) Forest-Flies (Hippoboscid(e)Tleas (Pulicidv, etc.), . 



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