44 PROCEEDINGS: BOSTON SOCIETY NATURAL HISTORY. 



lows. Among these are Typha latifolia L., Potamogeton polygonifo- 

 lius Pourret, P. epihydrus Raf., Eriocaulon septangulare With., Nym- 

 phozanthus mriegatus (Engelm.) Fernald, Myriophyllum tenellum 

 Bigel., Hippuris vulgaris L., and Lobelia Dortmanna L. 



PHYTOGEOGRAPHY . 



In studying the geographic affinities of the flora of Sable Island, 

 it was realized that this problem was but a small part of the much 

 larger one of the relations and sources of the floras of Newfoundland, 

 Prince Edward Island, and adjacent regions. It was, in fact, in the 

 hope of throwing some light on this larger question that the trip to 

 Sable Island was planned. And now, in this discussion of the flora, 

 the general scheme used by Prof. M. L. Fernald in his analysis of the 

 geographic relationships of the flora of Newfoundland 1 , has been fol- 

 lowed as far as it is applicable to this smaller flora. 



There is an element of definitely adventive plants, 51 in number. 

 These are in most cases confined to the immediate neighborhood of 

 the Life Saving Stations or the lighthouses, in the cultivated fields, 

 along the paths, or near the stables. A few species such as Anthoxan- 

 thum odoratum L., Rumex crispus L., Rumex Acetosella L., Cerastium 

 wilgatum L., Trifolium repens L., and Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop, 

 have spread to the shores of the fresh-water ponds or to the dry dunes, 

 and made themselves very much at home. In every case, however, 

 they can be demonstrated as a foreign element in the flora. As a 

 result of the very extensive tree planting on the island there are a 

 few species or individual trees that have survived and must be con- 

 sidered now as a part of the flora. These planted species total 15 in 

 number. Together with the 51 adventives they give us a total of 66 

 plants, which will be excluded from the further discussion of the phy- 

 togeography of the island. 



The native flora consists of 147 species, varieties, and forms. They 

 fall into the primary classes: 



Class I . Boreal types. 



Class II. Southwestern types. 



Class III. Endemic plants or species unknown on the American contin- 

 ent. 



Class I. Boreal Types. This class includes all of the plants that 

 occur to the north of Newfoundland in Labrador proper, south-west- 

 ern Greenland, or the Arctic regions. A few of the species could 



i Fernald, M. L.: Rhodora, xiii. 136 (1911). 



