20 SCIENCE AND CULTURE. [LECT. 



I often wish that this phrase, " applied science," 

 had never been invented. For it suggests that there 

 is a sort of scientific knowledge of direct practical 

 use, which can be studied apart from another sort of 

 scientific knowledge, which is of no practical utility, 

 and which is termed "pure science." But there is 

 no more complete fallacy than this. What people 

 call applied science is nothing but the application of 

 pure science to particular classes of problems. It 

 consists of deductions from those general principles, 

 established by reasoning and observation, which con- 

 stitute pure science. No one can safely make these 

 deductions until he has a firm grasp of the principles ; 

 and he can obtain that grasp only by personal experi- 

 ence of the operations of observation and of reasoning 

 on which they are founded. 



Almost all the processes employed in the arts and 

 manufactures fall within the range either of physics 

 or of chemistry. In order to improve them, one 

 must thoroughly understand them ; and no one has a 

 chance of really understanding them, unless he has 

 obtained that mastery of principles and that habit of 

 dealing with facts, which is given by long-continued 

 and well-directed purely scientific training in the 

 physical and the chemical laboratory. So that there 

 really is no question as to the necessity of purely 

 scientific discipline, even if the work of the College 

 were limited by the narrowest interpretation of its 

 stated aims. 



And, as to the desirableness of a wider culture 

 than that yielded by science alone, it is to be recol- 



