IL] UNIVERSITIES: ACTUAL AND IDEAL. 39 



Artist. But, in the mass of mankind, the ^Esthetic 

 faculty, like the reasoning power and the moral sense, 

 needs to be roused, directed, and cultivated ; and I 

 know not why the development of that side of his 

 nature, through which man has access to a perennial 

 spring of ennobling pleasure, should be omitted from 

 any comprehensive scheme of University education. 



All Universities recognise Literature in the sense 

 of the old Khetoric, which is art incarnate in words. 

 Some, to their credit, recognise Art in its narrower 

 sense, to a certain extent, and confer degrees for pro- 

 ficiency in some of its branches. If there are Doctors 

 of Music, why should there be no Masters of Painting, 

 of Sculpture, of Architecture ? I should like to see 

 Professors of the Fine Arts in every University ; and 

 instruction in some branch of their work made a part 

 of the Arts curriculum. 



I just now expressed the opinion that, in our ideal 

 University, a man should be able to obtain instruction 

 in all forms of knowledge. Now, by " forms of know- 

 ledge " I mean the great classes of things knowable ; 

 of which the first, in logical, though not in natural, 

 order is knowledge relating to the scope and limits of 

 the mental faculties of man; a form of knowledge 

 which, in its positive aspect, answers pretty much to 

 Logic and part of Psychology, while, on its negative 

 and critical side, it corresponds with Metaphysics. 



A second class comprehends all that knowledge 

 which relates to man's welfare, so far as it is deter- 

 mined by his own acts, or what we call his conduct. 

 It answers to Moral and Religious philosophy. Prac- 



