VIII. ] ERRORS ATTRIBUTED TO ARISTOTLE. 189 



pleurae, in mammals; 1 and it is quite true that the 

 lungs are much more obviously distinct from one 

 another in birds. 



Aubert and Wimmer translate the last paragraph 

 of the passage just cited as follows : 



"Diese haben aber knorpelige Scheidewande, welche unter 

 spitzen Winkeln zusammentreten, und aus ihnen fiihren Oeff- 

 nungen durch die ganze Lunge, indem sie sich in immer kleine- 

 ren verzweigen." 



But I cannot think that by Siaffrvaeis and 

 in this passage, Aristotle meant either " partitions " or 

 openings in the ordinary sense of the latter word. 

 For, in Book iii. Cap. 3, in describing the distribution 

 of the " vein which goes to the lung" (the pulmonary 

 artery), he says that it 



"extends alongside each tube (rvpiyya) and each passage 

 (T/f>>j/m), the larger beside the larger, and the smaller beside the 

 smaller ; so that no part (of the lung) can be found from which 

 a passage (r/o^a) and a vein are absent." 



Moreover, in Book i. 17, he says 



" Canals (TTO/XH) from the heart pass to the lung and divide 

 in the same fashion as the windpipe does, closely accompanying 

 those from the windpipe through the whole lung." 



And again in Book i. 17 



" It (the lung) is entirely spongy, and alongside of each tube 

 run canals (iropoL) from the great vein." 



On comparing the last three statements with the 

 facts of the case, it is plain that by crvpiyyes, or tubes, 

 Aristotle means the bronchi and so many of their 



1 In modern works on Veterinary Anatomy the lungs are sometimes 

 described as two lobes of a single organ. 



