238 ANIMAL AUTOMATISM. [LECT. 



happy hunting-grounds in the sky, " his faithful dog 

 shall bear him company." If the brutes have con- 

 sciousness and no souls, then it is clear that, in them, 

 consciousness is a direct function of material changes ; 

 while, if they possess immaterial subjects of conscious- 

 ness, or souls, then, as consciousness is brought into 

 existence only as the consequence of molecular motion 

 of the brain, it follows that it is an indirect product 

 of material changes. The soul stands related to the 

 body as the bell of a clock to the works, and con- 

 sciousness answers to the sound which the bell gives 

 out when it is struck. 



Thus far I have strictly confined myself to the 

 problem with which I proposed to deal at starting 

 the automatism of brutes. The question is, I believe, 

 a perfectly open one, and I feel happy in running no 

 risk of either Papal or Presbyterian condemnation for 

 the views which I have ventured to put forward. 

 And there are so very few interesting questions which 

 one is, at present, allowed to think out scientifically 

 to go as far as reason leads, and stop where evidence 

 comes to an end without speedily being deafened by 

 the tattoo of "the drum ecclesiastic" that I have 

 luxuriated in my rare freedom, and would now 

 willingly bring this disquisition to an end if I could 

 hope that other people would go no farther. Unfortu- 

 nately, past experience debars me from entertaining 

 any such hope, even if 



" that drum's discordant sound 



Parading round and round and round," 



were not, at present, as audible to me, as it was to the 



