OF DWARF FRUIT TREE CULTURE. 



25 



of wood and increase of growth, and the other for the restraining 

 growth and the production of fruit, and are known as winter and 

 summer pruning. With dwarf trees the summer pruning is of the 

 greatest importance, a neglect of which will quickly work havoc 

 with your trees. It may be remarked here that there are two distinct 

 systems of pruning. See Figs. Where they are contracted one is 

 generally called the "shortening in" process and may be described 

 as "pruning back from the tips," causing compactness in form, while 

 the other is "pruning out from the stem" and forms a spindling 

 head and is important in stone fruit trees, such as peaches, nectarines 

 and apricots, which produce fruit on last season's shoots. 



Instead of growing these trees as simple bushes we can econo- 

 mize space by training them as cordons and at the same time increase 

 their production. Cordons may be either upright oblique or U form 



Half Standard 



Goblet Form 



Fig. 13 



Standards and Half Standards 

 Fig. 14 



