OF DWARF FRUIT TREE CULTURE. 



45 



ideal and work to it as near as you can, always keeping in view 

 the necessity of encouraging and preserving the fruit spurs and 

 securing light and ventilation into the heart of the trees. 



In former times that was pretty much all there was to be done, 

 but of late years the enemies of fruit trees have so increased that 

 the gardener who wishes to secure the best results must look out. 



Single Serpentine 



After Dr. Thornton 



Fig. 46 



Special Training for Currants, 

 Gooseberry, Grapes, etc. 



Fig. 47 



Fortunatly we have efficient means at our disposal, and careful 

 use of them will secure to the grower complete victory over all 

 enemies. Do not let the list frighten you. Among the enemies to the 

 apple are the codling moth, the tent caterpillar and scale ; these are 

 all insects enemies and live by eating the fruit and leaves. There are 

 others, such as the woolly aphis and other aphidae, oyster shell bark 

 louse, the San Jose scale that live by suction. This is a very im- 

 portant difference, as one lot requires one kind of poison, while the 

 other requires a different. Thus the biting insects as the codling 



