OF DWARF FRUIT TREE CULTURE. 89 



ner. The spraying outfit consists of a receptacle for holding the 

 chemicals, which should be constructed of brass, copper or wood, and 

 the pump, which must also be made of brass or bronze, as no other 

 metal will stand the corrosive action of the chemicals; there is also 

 required a rubber hose and a spraying nozzle. Spraying outfits are 

 manufactured in great variety, from the brass garden syringe and 

 wooden stable bucket to the elaborate power machines, driven by 

 gasoline motor engines and tanks of several hundred gallons capac- 

 ity, and capable of spraying two or four trees at one time. As there 

 are cheap sprayers on the market made of tin I will in this place add 

 an emphasized DON'T, DON'T, ever purchase a tin spray pump, for 

 it would rot out after the first use of Bordeaux mixture. Your spray 

 pump MUST BE either brass or bronze. As the suburbanite will only 

 have a few trees, and dwarfs at that, a very modest outfit will 

 answer his requirements. The simple wooden stable bucket with 

 brass hand sprayer is, of course, the simplest, and is fairly efficient 

 where only a small space and low growing plants require treatment. 

 The knapsack sprayer is a very convenient style for suburbanite's 

 use. It is worn like a knapsack and is supplied in two styles, one 

 with direct action pump and the other has the fluid forced through 

 the nozzle by atmospheric pressure. Both are good, reliable imple- 

 ments and give satisfaction to those using them. As the foregoing 

 require to be moved by hand from place to place, they are to some 

 extent inconvenient. To avoid this difficulty one has been introduced 

 on the principle of a barrel cart, which may be trundled about the 

 garden with greater facility. It is needless here to refer to the large 

 outfits operated by horse or motor engine power as they are un- 

 adapted to use in restricted areas. Having decided on the style of 

 tank for holding and carrying the fluid, we come to consider the 

 style of pump, and here I may say there is no "BEST" pump. All 

 that are now on the market are capable of doing fair work; that 

 pump is the most useful that throws the fluid with the greatest force 

 and with the expenditure of the least labor. It is the force with 

 which the fluid is driven through the nozzle that secures the fineness 

 of the spray, which should be like a cloud or mist. We now come to 

 a very important element of the spraying outfit, that is the nozzle. 

 There are nozzles and nozzles (ad infinitum). As some nozzles are 

 liable to become clogged with little grains of lime, a provision con- 

 sisting of a movable pin has been added in order to clear away any 

 obstruction. Of this kind is the Bordeau nozzle. The Vermorel is a 



