$0 THE SUBURBANITE'S HANDBOOK 



very favorite pattern, but so many changes have been made (some 

 useful, others of no importance) that one is compelled to fall back 

 on first principles. Any nozzle in which the fluid enters the nozzle 

 chamber at one side and whirls around right angles to the outlet 

 hole, before being forced out, should do the work. Having procured 

 our outfit we are up against the question : What are we to do with it ? 

 We had better here fall back on the first principles. We must use 

 it with energy, in the right manner and at the right time. Remember 

 that ONE thorough spraying when required is worth a dozen careless 

 attempts. As many of the materials used in fighting fruit pests are 

 highly poisonous the greatest care should be taken to keep all sub- 

 stances used for spraying where they will be safe from animals, chil- 

 dren and meddlers. And all such materials should be correctly 

 labelled. 



Solutions and mixtures contain copper sulphate, corrosive subli- 

 mate and arsenate of lead, should be made in wood, glass or earthen 

 vessels. 



Arsenical sprays should not be applied to fruits within two 

 weeks of the time they are to be used as food. 



Trees should not be sprayed when they are in blossom. 



Familiarize yourself with the habits and appearance of the vari- 

 ous fruit pests and the best treatment for their eradication. 



FUNGICIDES AND INSECTICIDES. 



These consist of quite a variety of mixtures, some used in liquid 

 form as sprays, come in dry form as powders by dusting, some in 

 gaseous form in fumigations, and some combined fungicides and in- 

 secticides, so as, if possible, to kill two enemies with one shot. 



Bordeaux Mixture Is the first and one of the best fungicides 

 adopted for controlling fungus diseases. It has long been known that 

 the various salts of copper were destructive to fungus spores, and 

 sulphate of copper was first used in France to control the Phylloxera, 

 or grape fungus. It was found, however, that the sulphate (or Blue- 

 stone) contained so much free acid that it injured the foliage and 

 consequently something was required to naturalize the acid ; this was 

 effected by the use of quicklime, and after experimenting the vinyard- 

 ists succeeded in making a mixture of carbonate of copper (Bluestone 

 or Blue Vitroil) slaked lime and water, and this became known as 

 BORDEAUX MIXTURE. When the fungus fruit pests began to be 

 unbearable it was introduced into our orchards to fight the pests, 



