OF DWARF FRUIT TREE CULTURE. 99 



oil was present in the spray, and it is believed that a considerably 

 smaller percentage will give satisfactory result. The most effective 

 formula for miscible oil thus far tested calls for nine gallons soap 

 solution, 114 gallons water, 40 gallons paraffine oil, and six gallons 

 resin oil. The above quantities are mentioned as being suitable in 

 preparing the oils for orchard use ; but as it is only a matter of sim- 

 ple mixing the ingredients a very much smaller quantity would be 

 required for suburbanite's use and may be made by a proportionate 

 reduction in the formula. Bulletin 86, Pennsylvania Agricultural 

 Experiment Station, treats also on this subject. 



QUASSIA CHIPS. 



Quassia Chips, eight pounds. 



Whale Oil Soap, seven pounds. 



The quassia chips are boiled in about one gallon of water to each 

 pound of chips for one hour. The soap is added while hot and 

 allowed to dissolve. This solution is then diluted with 100 gallons 

 of water. Use with sprayer ; or on young trees the tips of the 

 branches affected may be dipped in the liquid. This is a very effective 

 wash for the aphis and is much used in "Washington, California and 

 Oregon for spraying hop vines, as it is not poisonous. 



I may here mention that the lime sulphur wash above men- 

 tioned when first introduced was called the Lime, Salt, and Sulphur 

 Wash, as it was made with a proportion of salt, the formula for which 

 was: 



LIME SALT AND SULPHUR WASH. 



Lime, unslaked, 30 pounds. 



Sulphur, flowered, 20 pounds. 



Salt, coarse, 15 pounds. 



Water, 50 gallons ; mix as above. 



However, when the Agricultural Experiment Stations got to ex- 

 perimenting with it they found that the salt might be dispensed with 

 as superfluous. 



All these spray formulae are taken from the bulletins, and re- 

 ports of the United States Department of Agriculture and different 

 Agricultural Experiment Stations and are public property. 



In order to make this very important subject more exhaustive I 

 give some extracts from the instructions issued to his customers by 

 one of the largest growers of dwarf trees in Europe. 



