OF DWARF FRUIT TREE CULTURE. 101 



(E). Dissolve half pound hellebore powder and half pound 

 alum in tepid water and lengthen to five gallons. 



ANTI-FUNGOIDES. 



(i?j. The best anti-fungoid is the composition known as Bor- 

 deaux Mixture ^described above). This and formula D are often 

 used together, in which case four ounces of Paris Green will be re- 

 quired, but no more additional lime. 



(G). Another good anti-fungoid spray is made by dissolving 

 five ounces of sulphide of potassium (liver of sulphur) in warm 

 water, and lengthening this to 10 gallons. 



(H). If the trees need spraying when the fruit is in a very 

 advanced state it is advisable to use the ammoniacal-copper solution. 

 This is made by dissolving one ounce of copper carbonate in a bottle 

 containing a little under half a pint of ammonia. The bottle will 

 contain sufficient to make 10 gallons of spray. It should be made 

 only as required, as the ammonia exaporates rapidly. 



WINTER DRESSING. 



(I). Dissolve in separate vessels one pound commercial caustic 

 soda and one pound crude potash ; pour the two solutions into a tub 

 containing 10 gallons of water, and add thereto three-fourths of a 

 pound molasses (common treacle). This preparation may b<3 had 

 ready mixed in five-gallon canisters (concentrated) to make 50 gal- 

 lons of spray. 



APPLE AND PEAR DISEASES. 



Most varieties of fruit have one or more diseases or insects 

 peculiar to them, but on the other hand several of these are common 

 to nearly all kinds of trees. They will therefore be referred to under 

 headings of the fruit trees most ailected by their ravages. 



Green Fly Apples are frequently and pears occasionally sub- 

 ject to serious attacks from these. They are, however, easily dis- 

 posed of by spraying with formula. 



Woolly Aphis (American Blight) and Oyster Shell Bark Louse 

 (Scale) are two of the worst enemies of the bark and young growth. 

 Both are destroyed by painting or spraying the affected part while 

 the trees are dormant, preferably in December and January, with 



