THE RASPBERRY 141 



fruit in almost every particular ; it is better, however, to 

 cut out the fruiting canes soon after the fruit has been 

 gathered. Summer pruning is not as generally prac- 

 ticed as upon the blackberry, but some growers obtain 

 good success by this practice. 



Winter Protection The canes being small and 

 flexible, they can be laid over to the ground and covered 

 with soil and thus injury from cold be prevented. The 

 work of laying down the canes is very simple, three 

 men being employed to the best advantage. One man 

 with thick gloves on grasps a cluster of the canes grow- 

 ing together and with a strong pull bends them to the 

 ground, as seen in Figure 75 ; the second and third man 

 then throw on soil enough to hold the canes down. 

 Another cluster of 

 canes is grasped 

 and the process is 

 repeated. The 

 canes should be 

 bent toward the 



south, SO that the Fig. 75-Laying Down Red Ra 

 sun may not strike 



them perpendicularly, which would cause them to 

 start too early in the spring and injure them. After 

 all are laid down the plow is run lightly on each 

 side of the row, turning more soil over or against 

 the canes. It is not necessary that the canes be 

 entirely covered, as the moisture and warmth of the 

 soil without covering is sufficient to keep them from 

 injury. In the spring the canes should be taken up 

 before growth begins, as the buds will start more 

 quickly when near the ground than when standing up- 

 right. Deep working of the soil among both raspberries 

 and blackberries should be avoided, as both are shallow 

 rooted plants and when worked deep the roots are some- 

 times seriously injured and the growth of the plants is 



