198 SUCCESSFUL FRUIT CULTURE 



during the summer, when in the fall roots will be found 

 well developed. These shoots are then cut off and 

 treated as rooted cuttings, which after one season in 

 the nursery under good conditions should be large 

 enough to plant in the orchard. 



PROPAGATION OF THE GRAPEVINE 



The grape is propagated by cuttings, by 

 layers and by grafting, and is one of the most 

 easily propagated of the fruits. 



Cuttings Two kinds of cuttings are 

 employed, the long cutting and the short 

 cutting. The long cutting, under ordinary 

 care, gives the best results, the short cuttings 

 only being employed under glass. The long 

 cuttings are made of canes of the last season's 

 growth, of medium size, about eight to ten 

 inches long, containing two or more buds to 

 each cutting. (Figure 105.) The best time 

 to make them is in the fall before the ground 

 freezes, tying in bundles of twenty-five and 

 carefully heeling-in in a sheltered place or in 

 a cold-frame where they will not freeze, and 

 ~ where they can be gotten at early in the 

 Cutting spring for early planting. Cuttings are some- 

 times planted in the fall, but if this is done 

 a heavy mulch of stable manure should be put on the 

 bed before the ground freezes to keep them from being 

 heaved out by the frost. 



Layers Perhaps the best method by which the 

 amateur may increase his stock of vines is the "spring 

 layer." (Figure 106.) This consists in taking canes of 

 last season's growth and bending them down into a 

 trench five or six inches deep in the spring before 

 growth begins, and after the buds along the cane have 

 made a few inches of growth, filling in the trench with 



