222 SUCCESSFUL FRUIT CULTURE 



if any profit is to be expected. In all this work of fruit 

 growing the margin of profit is very small, and the 

 strictest economy must be practiced even under the most 

 favorable conditions. 



PUMPS 



Much of the success in the protection of our fruit 

 crops depends upon the pump used, but there are so 

 many good pumps now upon the market that no one 

 need use a poor one. The main points to be consid- 

 ered are: 



1. That the pump be large enough to throw the 

 liquid with so much force that it shall break into a 

 very fine spray and yet strike the plants with force 

 enough to have it cover the surface of all the parts of 

 the plant sprayed. 



2. All the parts that come in contact with the 

 liquids must be of brass or copper if copper solutions 

 are to be used, as iron would soon be eaten out by 

 the copper. 



3. An effective agitating apparatus should be 

 provided, or very unequal results will be obtained, and 

 if Paris green and other insecticides are used, much 

 injury may be done. 



4. Good rubber hose should be supplied of suffi- 

 cient lengths to be easily and quickly moved around 

 the trees or plants being sprayed. It will be found that 

 the best quality of hose will generally be the cheapest 

 in the end, and that of half-inch diameter will last 

 longer than larger sizes where it is to be moved and 

 pulled about very much, as it does not kink up as much. 



Co-operation in spraying, where orchards and fruit 

 plantations are small, will be found of great economy, 

 as has been the case in many sections where this has 

 been done, as well as in co-operation in the selling of 

 the crops, etc. The cost of appliances for spraying on 



