CONTENTS. 



PART I. — Organography. 



PAGE 



Lecture I. — Introductory Remarks on the Physiological Organography of the 



Vegetative Organs i 



Shoot and Root. — Typical, Rudimentary, and Reduced Forms. — Substance and 

 Form of Organs. 



Lecture II.— The Typical Roots of Vascular Plants tl 



Branching of Roots of Seedlings. — Place of Origin of Roots. — Development of 

 Roots. — Entrance of Roots into Soil. — Importance of Root-hairs. — Shortening of 

 Roots. — Conversion of Roots into Shoots. 



Lecture III. — Roots, continued. Metamorphosed and Reduced Roots of Vascular 



Cryptogams ; Rudimentary Roots of Mosses and Thallophytes ... 23 

 Lignified and Napiform Roots. — Roots of Parasites. — Roots of Muscinese. — Roots 

 of Liverworts. — Roots of Algse. — Roots of Fungi. 



Lecture IV. — Typical Forms of Shoot of the Vascular Plants .... 36 

 Typical Shoots. — Continuity of Shoot-axis and Leaf. — Crowding of Leaves at the 

 Growing-point. — Buds. — Vascular bundles of Shoots. — Segmentation of Leaves. — 

 Venation of Leaves. 



Lecture V. — Metamorphosed and Reduced Shoots of Vascular Plants. Shoots of 



Mosses, Algae, and Fungi ........... 54 



Succulent Shoots. — Cladodes. — Twining Shoots. — Tendrils.— Thorns. — Rimners, 

 Tubers, Bulbs. — Subterranean Shoots. — Root-like Shoots. — Shoots of Parasites. — 

 Relation of Chlorophyll to the Forms of Shoots. — Shoots of Mosses. — Shoots 

 of Liverworts. — Shoots of Algas. — Concluding remarks. 



Lecture VI. — The Cellular Structure of Plants. Protoplasm, Nucleus, Cell- 

 Wall 73 



Original meaning of the word ' Cell.' — Isolation of Cells. — Cell-wall and Cell- 

 contents. — Chemical nature of Protoplasm. — Protoplasm. — Movements of Proto- 

 plasm. — Chlorophyll-corpuscles. — Nucleus. — Cell-wall. — Deliquescence of cell- walls. 

 — Stratification, Striation, Pits. — Structure of Cell-wall. 



Lecture VII. — Development of Cells 94 



Growth and Cell-division. — Formation of Chambers in Mother-cells.— Development 

 of Reproductive Cells. — Uniformity of Cell-formation. — Behaviour of Nucleus 

 during division. — Origin of the New Septum. — Abnormal Nuclear division. — Non- 

 cellular Plants. 



Lecture VIII. — Forms and Systems of Tissue : Epidermal Tissue and Vascular 



Bimdles no 



Common Wall of Tissue-cells. — Systems of Tissue. — Epidermis. — Cuticle. — Waxy 

 Coverings. — Stomata. — Epidermis of Moss. — Hairs. — Physiological significance of 

 Hairs. — Structure of Hairs. — Vascular Bundles (Strands). — Structure of Vascular 

 Bundles. — Xylem and Phloem of the Strand. — Arrangement of Xylem and Phloem. 

 — Vessels. — Sieve-tubes. 



