BUDS. 



41 



Yet another, and much more striking phenomenon, however, is produced by 

 the crowded position of the youngest leaves at the end of the shoot-axis, in 

 connection with a further iact, viz. the much quicker growth of the leaves, as 

 contrasted with the elongation of the shoot-axis. This is the formation of Buds. 

 By the word bud, we distinguish generally the young condition of a shoot : 

 either the whole young shoot, or the young portion at the free end of a shoot 

 already further developed, is a bud. Shortly put, the bud is the growing point of 

 a shoot, surrounded by its leaves We can thus only speak of buds in connection 



Mc;. 32. — Setaj^inella iiia-i/ieali/olüt : longitudinal section tlirough the rii;li 

 base of leaf; h ligule ; sp sporangium; ii poir.t of connection of the ca 

 air cavities ; x series of cells traversing the cavities (X 12c). 



with leaf-forming shoots : in contrast to them, stand the naked growing points of the 

 leafless shoots of Algas and Fungi, to which I shall refer later. 



The development of every new plant individual begins with the production of a 

 young shoot ; in leaf-forming plants, therefore, with the formation of buds. Thus 

 there arises, even in the embryo of the vascular plants as soon as any organs become 

 recognisable on them, a bud (the plumule), and in the same way the development of 

 any new shoot, after a growing point has been formed, consists in the development 

 of a bud, which then grows out further, at once or later. While the growing point 

 itself, just as the youngest parts of the shoot-axis on which leaves are already 



