HYBRID VINES. 785 



of Vines and their hybrids, and has at my request furnished me with the following 

 remarks on hybridisation within the genus Viiis. 



' The genus Vi'/i's is one of those of which the sexual intcr-crossing of species is 

 very extensive and clearly established. 



' In N.America the following species of Vine are found : — Vifi's rupestris, eastward 

 of the Mississippi, and along the banks of the INIissouri as far as Texas : V. ripan'a over 

 nearly the whole region of N. America from Canada to Texas, and from the Rocky 

 INIountains to the Atlantic Ocean : V. cordifolia in the centre and south of the United 

 States, and in Texas : V. monticola in Texas and New INIexico : V. cinerea ( V. aestivalis, 

 var. cinerea) from Missouri to Texas : V. aestivalis in the centre and south of the United 

 States : V. Lincecuiiiii, in the south of the Union and Texas : V. labrusca, in the east 

 of the Union from the Alleghanies to the Atlantic Ocean : V. cafidicans, in the south 

 of the United States and Texas : V. caribcea in Florida (?) : V. cali/ornica in 

 California, and V. arizonica in Arizona : V. rotimdifolia in the south of United States. 



' A careful study of the wild Vines which are annually imported in millions into 

 France from over the whole Union (especially from Missouri and Texas) leads me 

 to the conviction that all these species (except the last four, which I have not hitherto 

 been able to examine with the necessary care) can be crossed (hybridised) with one 

 another, and this in the most capricious manner. I have so far become acquainted with 

 the following crosses: — V. riparia with V. rupcstris (INIissouri?) — V. riparia with 

 V. candicans (Iowa) — V. rtipestris with V. candicans (Texas) — V. cordifolia with 

 V. candicans (Indian territory) — V. cordifolia with V. rtipestris (ditto) — V. cordifolia 

 with V. aestivalis (Missouri) — V. cordifolia with V. cinerea (Missouri) — V. aestivalis 

 and V. cinerea (ditto) — V. aestivalis and V. candicans (S. W. of Missouri). 



' All these hybrids are binary : I have however also recognised the following 

 ternary ones — the variety ' Solonis ' (Arkansas ?) as a hybrid of V. riparia, V. riipestris 

 and V. candicans ; V. aestivalis with large berries, which Hermann Jäger found in 

 the wild state in S. W. Missouri and the neighbouring districts. In some of the hybrids 

 of V. aestivalis and V. candicans. there is also a strain of V. Lincecumii. 



' These are the results of my (Millardet's) investigations on the Vines growing 

 wild in the United States. The study of the Vines cultivated in the vineyards of the 

 same country has lead to similar results. Perhaps no one sort of those I have 

 observed is a pure descendant of a wild species, in spite of all that the growers, ampelo- 

 graphists and botanists may say: all are products of more or less complicated 

 crossings, in which the European Vine (the culture of which has been attempted at 

 various times in the Union) has often co-operated. As examples I will mention 

 only the most important of these spontaneous wild hybrids. 



' The so-called ' Clincton ' is a hybrid of V. riparia and V. lahrusca, and 

 ' Taylor,' 'Elvira,' ' Noah,' ' Franklin,' are of the same composition. ' York Madeira,' 

 is a hybrid of V. labrusca and V. aestivalis ; and the same is the case with ' Eumelan,' 

 ' Alvey,' ' Morton's Virginia,' ' Cynthiana,' &c. ' Delavare ' is a hybrid of V. labrusca, 

 V. vinifera, and V. aestivalis. ' Jaquez ' is a hybrid of V. aestivalis, V. vinifera and 

 V. cinerea (?). ' Cunningham,' ' Rulander,' and ' Herbcmont,' are hybrids of 

 V. aestivalis, V. cinerea, and V. vinifera. Finally, the Vine now called * Gaston- 

 Bazille ' (the American name is lost) presents a still more complex composition ; it is 

 a hybrid of V. labrusca, V. aestivalis, V. rupestris, and V. riparia. 



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