INDEX. 



831 



Silver Fern, 186. 



grain, 159, 439. 



Sinapis alba, 18, 693. 



— nigra, 399. 

 Siphoneae, 179, 335, 365. 

 SiphoTiocladium, 82. 



Sizes of starch-grains, 336. 



— of stomata, 251. 



— of swarm-spores, 603, 

 605. 



Skeleton leaves, &c., 129. 

 Skeletons, calcareous, 290. 



— cell, 319. 



— siliceous, 288. 



— starch, 339. 



— wood, 159. 

 Sleep-movements, 513, 599, 



625. 



— mechanics of, 626, 633- 

 640. 



— uses of, 643. 



— of flowers, 199,623,641. 



— of leaves, 199, 623, 626- 

 629, 635-640, 643. 



Slow movements of water, 



_253. 

 Smilax, 56, 661. 



— sarsaparilla, 51. 

 Smut of wheat, 381. 

 Sodium chloride, 287. 



— salts, 286. 

 Soft-bast, 163. 

 Soil, 256, 292, 295. 



— 257. 



— absorption from, 255. 



— absorption of water by, 



259. 



— absorptive properties of, 

 261. 



— amount of water in, 258. 



— air in, 257. 



— carbonic acid in, 263. 



— chemical compounds in, 



261. 



— composition of, 263, 287. 



— decomposition of, 263. 



— desiccation of, 258. 



— nutritive salts in, 259, 262, 

 287. 



— relation of roots to, 256, 



512, 545, 583, 692, 702. 



— retention of salts by, 260, 

 261. 



of water by, 258. 



— structure of, 257. 



— sulphates in, 259. 



— temperature, &c., of, 553, 



554- 

 Solanaceae, 178, 780. 

 Solaneae, 177, 334, 572,640. 

 Solanum, 320, 780. 



— jasminoides, 56, 659, 663. 



— pyracantha, 58. 



— atro-sanguineion, 58. 



Solar-spectrum, 303. 

 Solomon's seal, 60. 

 Solution, 207. 



— of minerals by root-hairs, 



262. 



— nutritive, 284, 286, 291. 



— of starch, 339. 



— and translocation of starch, 



312, 313. 

 S one hits ol er a cells, 396. 

 Sorrel, 329. 

 Sources of carbon, 292, 294, 



384. 



— of hydrogen, 290. 



— of light, 307 



— of nitrogen, 291, 384. 



— of nutritive elements, 290, 



384. 



— of oxygen, 290. 



— of sulphur, 291. 



Space occupied by roots, 13. 

 Sparganhtm, 701, 708. 



— ramosum, 334. 

 Spartlum, 510. 



— junceum, 55, 70. 

 Species-hybrids, 780, 783. 

 Specific energy of assimila- 

 tion, 312. 



of respiration, 400. 



ofirritableorgans,6oi. 



— energies of nerves, 600. 



— gravity of wood, 240. 

 Spectrum of chlorophyll, 



322. 

 195, 305. 



— of lithium, 236. 



— solar, 303, 697. 

 Specularta perfoliata, 791. 

 Spermaphytes, 756, 800. 

 Spermatozoa, 604. 

 Spermogonia, 724, 732. 

 Sphagnum, 377, 465. 

 Sphserise, 375, 381. 

 Sphn-roplea, 483. 

 S|)here-crystals, 336. 

 Spindle-tibriliae, 103. 

 Spiriva sorbifolia, 487, 500. 

 Spiral theory, 499, 500, 501. 

 refuted, 495, 497. 



— thickening, 92. 



— vessels, 136. 

 Spirillum, 387. 

 Spirogyra, 104, 31 1, 453, 48 >, 



653, 723, 727-729, 772, 

 776, 787. 



— 314. 



— Ji/galis, 33. 



— Icngata, 727. 

 Splint-wood, 163. 

 Splitting ferments, 342. 

 Sponges, 298. 

 Spongy mesophyll, 536. 

 Spontaneous generation, 4 1 2. 



— heating, 395, 405. 



Spontaneous periodic move- 

 ments, 560, 590, 593, 

 594, 598, 599, 627, 628, 

 635-638. 



Sporangiophorc, 695, 700, 

 717, 740, 741, 751. 



Sporangium, 465, 467, 724, 

 740, 741, 744, 746, 748, 

 750, 751, 756, 757. 



Spore-capsule, 738, 739. 



fruit, 746. 



— -plants, 753. 



Spores, 75, 98, 153, 321,323, 

 326, 351, 352, 364, 386, 

 428, 430, 484, 524, 525, 

 527, 534, 535, 724, 725, 

 726, 734, 740, 74,-, 761, 

 769, 798. 



— asexual, 740, 768, 769. 



— germination of, 729, 741, 

 742, 746, 748, 753- 



— mother-cells of, 433, 739. 



— and seeds contrasted, 753. 

 Sporocarp, 746, 747. 

 Sporogonium, 149, 723, 734. 



— development of, 738. 

 Sporophytes, 756. 

 Spring-water, 262. 



wood, 162, 230, 268, 578, 



St achy s, 59. 



— germanica, 124, 

 Stamens, 469, 497, 652, 757. 



— irritability of, 395, 595, 

 650, 651, 654, 655, 790, 

 792. 



— nutations of, 548. 

 Stapelia, 54, 203. 



Starch, 172, 284, 293, 307, 

 319, 323, 332, 335, 347, 

 355, 384, 403, 763. 



— carbon-dioxide necessary 

 for its formation, 311. 



— chemistry of, 339. 



— direct formation in chloro- 

 phyll-grains, 3 1 o, 3 1 1 , 3 1 8, 

 338. 



— disappearance in dark, 

 309. 



— fermentation of, 342. 



— iodide of, 310. 



— origin in chlorophyll, 309, 



315- 



— the origin of organic sub- 

 stances, 326. 



— in parasites, &c., 372. 



— quantity formed, 312,313, 

 314. 



— rare in fungi, 385. 



— reactions of, 337, 340. 



— in seeds, 334, 343. 



— solution of, 339. 



— transformations of, 311, 



323, 328, 339, 343, 



— transitory, 325, 357, 358. 



