RUBUS — BRAMBLE. 141 



shaped, cut-toothed at the apex. Flowers solitary on long axillary pedun- 

 cles, appearing throughout the summer. 



Habitat. — In dry soil from Canada to Georgia and westward ; every- 

 where common. 



Part Used. — The whole plant — not official. 



Constituents. — Unknown. 



Preparations. — None are official or commercial. Usually administered 

 in decoction or infusion. 



Medical Properties and Uses. — Cinque-foil and several other species of 

 the genus possess mild astringent properties, and have been used, chiefly 

 in domestic practice, in diari-hoea, dysentery, leucorrhcea, etc. 



RUBUS. — Bkamble. 



Character of the Genus. — Calyx 5-parted, without bractlets. Petals 5, 

 deciduous. Stamens numerous, inserted into the border of the disk. 

 Achenia numerous, pulpy and drupaceous, aggregated upon a conical or 

 c^'lindrical spongy or succulent receptacle, persistent or deciduous. 



Perennial shrubby or sufiruticose plants, with erect or procumbent, 

 mostly prickly and biennial stems. Leaves pinnately or pedately com- 

 pound, or simple. 



Rubus villosus Alton. — Common High Blackberry. 



Description. — Calyx : teeth linear-acuminate. Corolla : petals obovate- 

 oblong, spreading, much longer than the calyx, white. Fruit, composed 

 of aggregated drupes, not separating from the succulent, elongated recep- 

 tacle, one-half to 1 inch long, one-fourth to one-half inch in diameter, black, 

 sweet, and juicy. 



A shrubby perennial. Stems numerous, 1 to (j feet high, upright or 

 reclining, furrowed, armed with strong recurved prickles. Leaves 3-foliate 

 or pedately 5-foliate ; leaflets ovate or oblong-ovate, mostly acuminate, 

 doubly or unequally serrate, the terminal one somewhat cordate, petio- 

 late. Flowers racemose, numerous, appearing in May and June ; the 

 fruit ripens in August and September. 



Habitat. —Common everywhere along the borders of woods, old fences, 

 and in clearings. The bushes vary greatly in size and general aiDpearancc, 

 according to the circumstances of their growth. The fruit also is variable 

 in respect of size, succulence, and flavor. 



Rubus Canadensis Linne. — Low Blackberry, Runninrj Blackberry,. 

 Dewberry. 



' Description. — Calyx : teeth mucronate. Corolla : petals twice the 

 length of the calyx, white. Fruit similar to the preceding but shorter and 

 thicker, the individual drupes being much less numerous but larger. 



A low, trailing shrubby plant. Stems at first ascending but ultimately 

 trailing, and rooting when long in contact with the earth, less prickly 



