JOINTS AND l.K. AM! OF TH) III 



cartilage. The intervertebral fibrocartilagi ached to the u] 



the contiguous vertebrae, which an red with a thii 



I tie ana of the inti bral fil 



surfaces between which thev are situated, and thi 

 againsl the slightly coi I 



atlas and the axis; the first one i te«l between the .d thin 



the last one between the fifth lumbar vertebra and the sacrum. Then 

 three intervertebral fibrocartil. Like the 



cumference and in height from above downward; the smallest and thinn> 

 the cervical vertebra-, the largest and thickest bel the lumbar vertebra?. I 



re much thicker (about one-third) in front than behind, >n whi< 



noticeable in the last one, which is situated at the promonto: . 



THE INTERVERTEBRAL ARTICULATIONS. 



In addition to the mixed synarthrotic conn n the vertebral bodies, the trui 



brae also articulate with each other by means of thi Thi 



articular p of a vertebra articulate with the two in:' irticular pr 



lying bone seep . md the cartilagin ich joint are ei dar 



capsule, which is relaxed in the cervical and tense in the lower vertebra! . There an 



accessory ligaments. The joints are Rally arthr ind the synarthr mnections of 



ies and the ligaments of the arches limit their range of motion to a coi 



THE LIGAMENTS OF THE VERTEBRAL COLUMN. 



The ligaments <>( the vertebral column are com] which run throu 



out the entire length of the vertebral column; and those which regularly recur n the • 



tiguous vertebrae. The first group i f the /< linal It 



anterior and a posterior one. The anterior !iii<il .. rior 



surfaces of the vertebral bodies and of the intervertebral fibrocartil. 

 invests their posterior surfao 



The anterior longitudinal ligament Figs. 17 

 tubercle upon the b. the skull as a narrow band which much ' 



and it terminates upon the anterior surface of th m. I: is inti 



vertebral fibrocartilages, but is only loosely connected with the middle 1 - of the 



vertebral bodies. The ligament gradually dis laterally I 



the periosteum of the I of the vertebra-, ani I of lo: and of 



short deep ones which 5 >m one vertebra to another. 



The posterior longitudinal ice 



of the vertebral bodies as the anterior ligament d but it is con- 



siderably narrower than the anterior 1 t. It an in lent ligament at the 



second cervical vertebra, but it is continued upward to the cranial cavil the tectorial v: 



brane (see page 115). It becomes narrow nds and terminates in the sacral canal. 



It is likewise composed of a s rficialand 



