I40 ATLAS AND TEXT-BOOK OF HUMAN ANATOMY. 



Fig. 227.— The ligaments of the tarsus seen from the inner side (J). 



Fig. 228.— The ligaments of the foot seen from above and from the outer side (f). 



Fig. 229.— The ligaments of the foot seen from the plantar surface (f). 



Fig 2-0— The ligaments of the foot seen from the dorsal surface. The talus has been removed so 



as to show the participation of the navicular ligament in forming the socket of the 



talocalcaneonavicular joint (§). 



and 227) goes to the posterior process of the talus, and the tibio-navicular (Fig. 227) has its 

 insertion upon the dorsal surface of the navicular bone. 



Ligaments pass in a similar manner from the external malleolus to the talus (astragalus) 

 and to* the calcaneus. These are known as the anterior talo- fibular, the posterior talo- 

 fibular, and the calcaneo- fibular ligaments. The anterior talo- fibular ligament (Fig. 228) 

 passes almost horizontally from the anterior surface of the external malleolus to the an- 

 terior margin of the trochlea of the talus; the posterior talo-fibuhir (Fig. 224) pursues 

 a corresponding course and connects the posterior border of the external malleolus with 

 the outer tubercle of the posterior process of the talus; and the calcaneo- fibular ligament 

 (Figs. 226 and 230) passes somewhat obliquely downward and backward from the tip of the 

 external malleolus to the outer surface of the calcaneus. Upon this ligament run the tendons of 

 the two peroneal muscles (see page 222). 



The ligamentous connections between the astragalus and the calcaneus consist of the rein- 

 forcing ligaments of the talo-calcaneal articulation and of the ligamentous mass which occupies 

 the sinus of the tarsus, the interosseous talo-calcaneal ligament. The latter (Figs. 225 and 230) 

 consists of a number of firm fibrous layers and forms a species of syndesmosis between the two 



bones. 



The reinforcing ligaments of the posterior articulation of the two bones are known as the 

 internal, external, posterior, and anterior talo-calcaneal ligaments. The external and particularly 

 the anterior ligaments, which bridge over the sinus of the tarsus, are connected with the inter- 

 osseous ligament. The external ligament (Fig. 228) passes from the outer and lower surface of 

 the neck of the talus (astragalus) to the upper surface of the calcaneus; the anterior ligament 

 connects the lower surface of the talus (astragalus) with the upper surface of the calcaneus; the 

 posterior ligament connects the outer tubercle of the posterior process of the talus with the upper 

 surface of the calcaneus; and the very narrow internal ligament passes from the inner tuber- 

 cle of the posterior process of the talus to the sustentaculum tali. 



The dorsal and plantar ligaments of the foot are practically horizontal, and are composed 

 partly of transverse and partly of longitudinal fasciculi which connect neighboring bones and 

 consequently reinforce the articular capsules. The plantar ligaments are considerably the 

 stronger, and some of them connect distant portions of the tarsus, passing over one or even more 



bones. 



The dorsal tarsal ligaments are those which connect the talus (astragalus) and the cal- 

 caneus with the navicular and the cuboid bones. They are the dorsal talo-navicular ligament, the 

 dorsal calcaneonavicular ligament, and the bifurcate ligament. The bifurcate ligament (Fig. 228) 

 connects the antero-internal angle of the calcaneus with the dorsal surfaces of the navicular and 



