208 ATLAS AND TEXT-BOOK OF HUMAN ANATOMY. 



Fig. 291. — The fascia of the left arm seen from the volar surface. 

 Fig. 292. — The fascia of the left arm seen from the dorsal surface. 



surfaces arc reinforced by strong circular fibers, forming the volar carpal ligament (Fig. 291), 

 which is situated above the wrist-joint and over the flexor tendons and is continuous by its distal 

 margin with the transverse carpal ligament (see page 127). 



The dorsal carpal (posterior annular) ligament (Fig. 281) is a very strong, broad, oblique fas- 

 ciculus which passes from without inward and from above slightly downward. It is connected with 

 the dorsal surface of the radius, the styloid process of the ulna, and the triquetral (cuneiform) 

 bone, and forms the previously described compartments for the extensor tendons (see page 203). 



The dorsal jascia 0} the hand commences at the distal margin of the dorsal carpal ligament. 

 As it is very thin, the line of demarcation is much more noticeable than is the one between the 

 ligament and the antibrachial fascia. The palmar aponeurosis (see page 198) is well developed 

 and is by far the strongest of the fasciae of the upper extremity. 



THE MOST IMPORTANT BURSCE OF THE UPPER EXTREMITY. 



1. The subacromial bursa is situated beneath the acromion and above the insertion of the 

 tendon of the supraspinatus. 



2. The subdeltoid bursa (see page 186) (Fig. 268). 



3. The coracobrachial bursa is situated at the tip of the coracoid process, where it gives 

 origin to the coracobrachialis and to the short head of the biceps. 



4. The infraspinatus bursa, at the insertion of the infraspinatus into the greater tubercle 

 of the humerus. 



5. The subscapular bursa (see pages 121 and 188). 



6. The bursa of the teres major, at the insertion of the tendon of the teres major into the 

 greater tubercular ridge. 



7. The bursa of the lalissimus dorsi (see page 146). 



8. The subcutaneous olecranal bursa (Fig. 292) between the olecranon and the skin. 



9. The subcutaneous cpicondylar bursa: (internal and external), over the epicondyles of the 

 humerus. 



10. The intratendinous and subtendinous olecranal bursa: situated respectively within and 

 upon the insertion of the tendon of the triceps (inconstant). 



11. The bicipitoradial bursa (see page 189) (Figs. 273 and 275). 



12. The cubital interosseous bursa, between the upper extremities of the radius and ulna. 



13. The bursa of the extensor carpi radial is brevis, at the base of the third metacarpal bone. 



14. The dorsal subcutaneous metacarpophalangeal bursce, inconstant subcutaneous bursae 

 upon the dorsal aspect of the joints of the same name. 



15. The dorsal subcutaneous digital bursce, subcutaneous bursas upon the dorsal side of the 

 proximal interphalangeal joints. 



16. The bursa of the flexor carpi ulnar is, at the attachment of the flexor carpi ulnaris to the 

 pisiform bone. 



