224 PATHOGENIC BACTERIA IN MILK 



disease in man and animals.^ Villemin (1865) was the first to 

 maintain this identity on the results of inoculation of bovine and 

 human tubercular matter into small animals. Chauveau (1868) 

 carried out similar experiments upon cattle.^ Both workers were 

 successful in transmitting the disease, which produced similar effects 

 in the inoculated animals. Many other workers have obtained like 

 results, including Gerlach,^ Bollinger,^ Klebs,^ Kitt,^ Crookshank,'^ 

 Martin,*^ Thomassen,^ and Nocard.^*^ 



It is unnecessary to describe in detail the experiments of these 

 various workers. The results obtained were more or less uniformly 

 in support of the view that the identity of bovine and human 

 tuberculosis was a thing to be accepted as a proved and funda- 

 mental proposition. Not only have the various workers named 

 arrived individually at that conclusion, but the conclusions of the 

 Royal Commission on Tuberculosis, 1895, included the following 

 words: — "We find the present to be a convenient occasion for 

 stating explicitly that we regard the disease as being the same 

 disease in man and the food animals, no matter though there are 

 differences in the one and the other in their manifestations of the 

 disease ; and that we consider the bacilli of tubercle to form an 

 integral part of the disease in each, and (whatever be its origin) 

 to be transmissible from man to animals, and from animals to 

 animals. Of such transmissions there exists a quantity of evidence, 

 altogether conclusive, derived from experiment." ^^ 



Whilst there was up to 1901 almost entire unanimity of opinion 

 amongst various workers in respect to this identity, it should not be 

 supposed that there was unanimity in respect to the degree of patho- 

 genicity. It was, in fact, conceded on all hands that tuberculosis 

 was a more virulent disease in animals than in man, and that the 



1 Kruse, Pansini, Fischel, Johne, etc. See also Twelfth and Thirteenth 

 Annual Reports of the Bureau of Animal Industry, Washington, 1895-96. 

 (Theobald Smith.) 



^ Congres pour P etude de la Tuberculose, Paris, 1888. 



3 Cornil's Les Bacte'ries, 1885, pp. 630-633. 



* Miinch. Med. Woch., 1894, No. 5. 



^ Virchow's Archives, Bd. xli. and xHx. 



^ Strauss' La Tuberculose et son Bacille. 



"^ Transactions Pathological Society of London, 189 1. 



* Report of Royal Commission, 1895, part iii., pp. 18, 19. 



^ Trans. British Congress on Tuberculosis, 1901, vol. iv., pp. 21-27. 



*^ La Revue Veterinaire, 1902, p. 49. 



" Report of Royal Commission on Tuberculosis, 1895, part i., p. 10, par. 23. 

 This report was signed by the late Sir George Buchanan, Sir George Brown, 

 Dr J. F. Payne, and Sir J. Burdon Sanderson. 



