254 PATHOGENIC BACTERIA IN MILK 



man {e.g. B. leprcB^ B. smeginatis, Bacillus of syphilis of Lustgarten, 

 etc.). Other non-tubercular acid-fast bacilli have been found in 

 lung gangrene, in the nasal cavities, in excreta, and in certain 

 chronic eye diseases, etc. 



{b) The acid-fast bacilli occurring in other animals {e.g. B. 

 tuberculosis avium of Maffucci ; the^. tuberculosis piscium of Dubard, 

 Bataillon, Terre ; B. tuberculosis ranicola of Lubarsch ; B. tuber- 

 culosis anguicola of Moeller, etc.). 



{c) The acid-fast bacteria of butter and milk {e.g. B. laticola 

 planus, perrugosum, Friburgense, etc.), of Petri, Moeller, Rabino- 

 witsch, Binot, Markl, Coggi, Tobler (Nos. i.-v.), Grassberger, and 

 Korn (Nos. i. and ii.). 



{d) The acid-fast bacilli of grass {e.g. B. phlei or Timothy 

 bacillus, and Grass bacillus, No, ii., of Moeller), the "manure- 

 bacillus " of Moeller,^ the urine bacillus of Marpmann. 



All these various organisms are morphologically and in staining 

 properties allied to the B. tuberculosis. The chief characteristics 

 known concerning those found in milk and butter will be described 

 at a subsequent page {see p. 392). It is obvious that groups («) 

 and {b) have little or nothing to do with the bacteriology of milk, 

 and for particulars concerning these organisms the ordinary text- 

 books may be consulted. It should, however, be remarked in 

 passing that in all probability it is right to regard tuberculosis in 

 birds and in cold-blooded animals as a modification under different 

 conditions of tuberculosis in mammals. 



Acid-fast bacilli in butter and milk. — Several years after 

 Koch's discovery of the tubercle bacillus, species of bacteria were 

 found possessing acid-fast properties, but it was not until 1896 

 that Koch and Petri isolated such organisms from the milk and 

 butter of Berlin, and in the following year Lydia Rabinowitsch 

 carried out her research on the same subject. In 1899, Korn 

 discovered two bacilli in the butter of Freiburg, Binot a bacillus in 

 the butter of Paris, and Coggi a bacillus in the butter of Milan, 

 all four of which were acid-fast. In the same year Grassberger 

 published a statement upon acid-fast organisms occurring in butter 

 and margarine. In 1900, Beck and Santori met with similar 

 organisms in milk, and in 1901, Maria Tobler, Markl, and Moeller 

 and Jong isolated acid-fast bacilli from both butter and milk. All 



1 Since the above classification was drawn up by us, our attention has been 

 drawn to the classification by Courmont and Potet, Arch, de Med. Exp. et 

 d'Anat. Path., t. xv., 1903, p. 87. This paper also contains a most complete 

 bibliography on the whole subject. 



