TYPHOID FEVER MILK-BORNE OUTBREAKS 



321 



Probable exciting cause. — Human 

 source. 



Reporter and reference. — Dr T. B. 

 Russell (Med. Off. of Health). Brit. 

 Med. Jour., 1878, vol. i., p. loi. 

 " Special Report " by Dr Russell. 



Moss Side, Manchester, 1878 

 {Jatuiary-MarcK), 



Total number of cases . . 32 



Deaths 3 



Number of the cases amongst 



drinkers of suspected milk . 29 

 Percentage on total cases . . 90 

 Number of polluted milk sources i 

 Number of milkmen . . . i 



Circumstances implicating the milk 

 sup>ply. — The dairjnnan was supplied 

 with two supplies, one being from 

 Cheshire. It was only the customers 

 consuming this Cheshire milk, with 

 one exception, that contracted typhoid. 

 Farm water contaminated with sewage. 

 Two deaths from typhoid feveroccurred 

 at the farm. The outbreak was checked 

 as soon as the milk from the infected 

 farm was stopped. 



Reporter and reference. — Dr A. E. 

 Sutcliffe (Med. Off. of Health). Med. 

 Times and Gazette, 1878, vol. i., p. 517. 



Bristol, 1878 {^fuly and August). 

 Total number of cases . -131 



Deaths 12 



Number of cases amongst drinkers 



of suspected miUc . . • 1 3 1 

 Percentage on total cases . .100 

 Number of polluted milk sources I 

 Niunber of milkmen . . severed 



Circumstances implicating the milk 

 supply. — In June a lady convalescing 

 after typhoid fever resided at the farm. 

 The excretions passed into the common 

 priv}', and from thence into a common 

 drain to the cess-pit. This latter over- 

 flowed and the contents were traced 

 by a recurrent course to the well, 25 

 feet distant. The milk was kept in the 

 common living-rooms, and the well 

 water was used for all dairying pur- 



poses. It was the only water supply at 

 the farm. On i st August one of the farm 

 servants sickened with lymphoid fever. 



District of Bristol in which outbreak 

 occurred was sanitarily good, and the 

 outbreak was strictly confined to persons 

 taking milk from the retailers supplied 

 from this farm. In one family 4 drank 

 milk, only one of whom drank it un- 

 boiled ; he contracted typhoid and the 

 others did not. 



Probcdfle exciting cause. — Human 

 source. 



Reporter and reference. — Dr Davis 

 (Med Off. of Health). Sanitary Record., 

 1878, vol. ii., pp. 100 and 166. Annual 

 Rep. of Medical Officer of Health., 1878. 



Portsmouth, 1878 {Septtmber'). 



Total number of cases . -153 

 Number of cases amongst 

 drinkers of suspected milk . 78 



Circumstances implicating the milk 

 supply. — Farmer's children suffering 

 from t\'phoid fever and there is little 

 doubt they p>oisoned the well. Two 

 children passing the well, drank from 

 it ; and contracted lymphoid. Sixty per 

 cent, of all the cases of typhoid in 

 Portsmouth in the third quarter were 

 supplied from this ferm. A large num- 

 ber of cases fell ill on the same day. 

 The farmer also supplied 20 neigh- 

 bours and eight contracted typhoid. 

 He also supplied milkmen who retailed 

 to Eastney Barracks, which was also 

 invaded by the disease. 



Probable exciting cause. — Human 

 soiuce. 



Reporter and reference. — Dr Turner 

 (Med. Off. of Health). Brit. Med. 

 Jour., 1879, vol. ii., p. 625. 



Colston, near Qlasgrcw^, 1878 

 {Stpttmber). 



Total number of cases . . 40 

 Number of cases amongst 



drinkers of suspected milk . 40 

 Percentage on total cases . ,100 

 Number of families invaded . 12 



