TYPHOID FEVER MILK-BORNE OUTBREAKS 



325 



n-phoid which may have been directly 

 conveyed to milk or indirectly through 

 cess-pool, well, and washing of utensils, 

 if not adulteration of milk with well- 

 water. The outbreak at once ceased 

 after implicated milk stopped. 



Probable exciting cause. — Human 

 source. 



Reporter and reference. — Dr Geo. 

 Wilson (Med. Off. of Health). Brit. 

 Med. Jour.., 1883, vol. i., p. 11 36. 



Dundee, 1888 {October). 



Total number of cases , .118 



Number of cases amongst 



drinkers of suspected milk . 82 

 Percentage on total cases . . 70 

 Number of polluted milk sources i 

 Number of milkmen . . . i 



Circumstances implicating the milk 

 supply. — Several members of dairy- 

 man's family suffered from typhoid 

 fever. The cases all occurred within 

 three weeks. 



Probable exciting cause. — Human 

 source. 



Reference. — Brit. Med. Jour., 1883, 

 vol. ii., p. 839. 



Gateshead, 1883 {February), 



Total number of cases . . 44 



Deaths 6 



Number of cases amongst 



drinkers of suspected milk . 44 

 Percentage on total cases . .100 

 Number of families supplied by 



milkman invaded ... 30 



Circumstances implicating the milk 

 supply. — Dairy utensils kept in dirty 

 scullery. Premises defective, and 

 enteric fever among the children at 

 the farm. All the cases contracted 

 their disease from the implicated 

 milk. 



Probable exciting cause. — Human 

 source. 



Reporter and reference. — Dr C. 

 Green (Med. Off. of Health). Lancet, 

 1883, vol. ii., p. 986. 



Port Jervls, U.S. A., \«Si\. {October). 



Total number of cases . .148 

 Number of cases amongst 



drinkers of suspected milk . 128 

 Number of polluted milk sources i 

 Percentage 86 



Circumstances implicating the milk 

 supply. — Typhoid fever at dairy in 

 Aug^Jst and September, 3 cases. 

 These patients were nursed by the 

 same person who attended to the 

 dairy work. 



Probable exciting cause. — Human 

 source. 



Reporter and reference. — Dr Curtis. 

 Rep. New York Bd. of Health, 1884, 

 p. 185. 



Aberdeen, 1883 {December). 



Total number of cases . . 25 

 Number of cases amongst 



drinkers of suspected milk . 25 



Percentage on total cases . . 100 



Number of polluted milk sources i 



Number of milkmen . . . i 



Circumstances implicating the milk 

 sup)ply. — Sanitary conditions extremely 

 bad. Foul watercourse flowing dowTi 

 a ditch used for the dairying purposes. 

 This watercourse was found to be pol- 

 luted with typhoid excreta. All the 

 cases consumed the one milk supply. 

 Of 52 persons residing in 13 invaded 

 houses, 25 were attacked. In some 

 instances the disease only attacked 

 the one member of the family who 

 used the implicated milk. 



Probable exciting cause. — Human 

 source. 



Reporter and reference. — DrSimpson 

 (Med. Off. of Health). Lancet, 1884, 

 vol. i., p. 487. 



Derby, 1884 {September cmd November). 



Total number of cases . . 289 



Deaths 31 



Number of cases amongst 



drinkers of suspected milk . 258 



Percentage on total cases . . 89 



